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Parental Substance Abuse  

Complex Developmental Issues of Pre-Natal Drug Exposure
This article presents research findings suggesting that pre-natal exposure to drugs is not a primary contributor to developmental problems after birth.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The Future of Children • Spring 1991

Drug-Exposed Infants: Understanding the Medical Risk
This document reviews the known effects of prenatal exposure to cigarettes, alcohol, heroin, narcotics, marijuana, and cocaine.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The Future of Children • Spring 1991

Children of Incarcerated Parents: Cumulative Risk and Children’s Living Arrangements
This paper reviews existing literature on the living arrangements and well-being of children with incarcerated parents, the risk factors that they face, and the relationship between the risk factors and specific living arrangements.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Joint Center for Poverty Research • July 17, 2002

Fathering Indicators Framework: A Tool for Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
This paper outlines the responsibilities of the father to work with other agencies and care givers for the positive development of the child.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Center on Fathers and Families • March 01, 2001

Inhalents
This fact sheet describes inhalant substances that produce psychoactive effects.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Drug Abuse • March 2010

Substance Abuse and Women on Welfare
This paper examines the incidence of substance abuse by women in welfare assistance programs, and finds that women receiving financial aid are nearly twice as likely to be addicted to alcohol and illegal drugs as those who are not receiving assistance.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University • June 1994

Every Child Matters: Families Under the Influence
This paper discusses the damages to Irish society caused by excessive alcohol consumption, and it focuses particularly on the negative consequences of alcohol consumption for children and young people.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The National Children's Resource Centre, Barnardos • 2002

Regional Variations and Trends in Substance Use and Related Harm in BC
This bulletin examines trends and regional variations in legal and illegal substance use in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Centre for Addictions Research of BC • November 2008

Health Status and Behaviors of Unwed Fathers
This paper provides a comparative analysis of the overall well-being of fathers who are either married or in other various forms of relationships with their child's mother.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • January 01, 2001

Alcohol and Pregnancy
This paper discusses responses to a public opinion survey regarding alchohol concumption during pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorder.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Environics Research Group for the Public Health Agency of Canada • May 01, 2006

Child Maltreatment and Substance Abuse
This paper examines substance abuse as a contributing factor to different types of child abuse and maltreatment.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Child Protection Clearinghouse, Australian Institute of Family Studies • Spring 1996

Family Rules About Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke
This article highlights the dangers that secondhand smoke poses to children's health and examines family practices for restricting exposure to this toxin both in the home and the community.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• American Pyschological Association • 2005

Substance Use among Welfare Recipients: Trends and Policy Responses
This paper discusses trends in the prevalence of substance use and abuse among welfare recipients, and shows that while about 20% of recipients report recent use, only a small number can be classified as dependent.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Population Studies Center • 2002

Poverty and Brain Development in Early Childhood
This paper demonstrates that poor children are at greater risk for improper brain development due to factors such as malnutrition, parental substance abuse, maternal depression, and poor quality care.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The National Center for Children in Poverty • June 01, 1999

Fragile Families One Year Later: Oakland California
This paper examines the characteristics of unwed parents in Oakland, California and the degree to which they are economically stable.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Public Policy Institute of California • October 01, 2002

Substance Abuse and the American Woman
This study examines the patterns of female substance abuse and addiction, and discusses their consequences for the women and the child they may be carrying.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University • June 01, 1996

CASAWORKS for Families: A Promising Approach to Welfare Reform and Substance-Abusing Women
This paper describes an initiative that provides welfare-dependent women with simultaneous alcohol and drug treatment, literacy training, job skills education, parenthood training, social skills education, family violence prevention, and access to health care.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University • May 01, 2001

Australian Social Trends 1999: Family - Living Arrangements: Caring for Children After Parents Separate
This article examines the living arrangements of children from divorced or separated homes, the frequency of contact between children and their absentee parent, and the payment of child support.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • January 26, 2000

Statistics on Drug Use in Australia 1998
This paper examines substance use rates in Australia, the health of drug and alcohol users, and the health behaviours and incidences of crime and violence related to substance abuse.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare • March 01, 2000

A National Survey of Canadian's Use of Alcohol and Other Drugs: Prevalence of Use and Related Harms
This paper identifies the prevalence and consequences of drug and alcohol use and addiction in Canada.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse • March 2005

Family Violence and Substance Abuse
This paper briefly explores the association between substance abuse and family violence and the effect that the one can have on the other.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Health Canada • 1994

Child Abuse and Neglect in Indigenous Australian Communities
This paper examines the issue of child abuse and neglect in indigenous Australian communities, and focuses on the historical factors that affect present-day rates of maltreatment.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Australian Institute of Family Studies • Spring 2003

No Safe Haven: Children of Substance-Abusing Parents
This study demonstrates that children with substance abusing parents are at increased risk of abuse and neglect.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University • January 01, 1999

Fact Sheet: The Relationship Between Parental Alcohol or Other Drug Problems and Child Maltreatment
This brief fact sheet looks at the relationship between parental substance use and child maltreatment, and finds that many cases of child abuse are caused or exacerbated by parental use of alcohol or drugs.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Prevent Child Abuse America • c. 1996

Life Sentences: Denying Welfare Benefits to Women Convicted of Drug Offenses
This study discusses the policy of denying welfare benefits to women released from prison after incarceration for a drug offence, and examines the impact that this has on their families.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The Sentencing Project • February 01, 2002

Responding to Alcohol and Other Drug Problems in Child Welfare: Weaving Together Policy and Practice
This guidebook provides a framework for child welfare agencies in dealing with the overlapping problems of child abuse and parental substance abuse.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Child Welfare League of America • 1998

So Help Me God: Substance Abuse, Religion, and Spirituality
This paper analyses the effect that religious commitment has on people's risk of substance abuse.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University • November 2001

Substance Abuse and Child Neglect: Intruders in the Family
This information sheet discusses the relationship between child neglect and parental substance abuse.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare • 2004

Canadian Addiction Survey; Substance Use by Youth
This comprehensive national survey of substance use among young people ages 15 to 24 examines the prevalence and harms associated with the use of alcohol, marijuana and other illegal drugs.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Health Canada • 2007

Changes in the prevalence of asthma among Canadian children
This article examines the increasing rate of asthma in Canada, comparing data from 1994 through 2001 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Statistics Canada • June 2008

Drug Use Among Ontario Students 1977-2007
This survey of 6232 Ontario students found that illegal drug use is in decline among youth in grades 7 to 12.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Centre for Addiction and Mental Health • 2007

Child Neglect: A Guide for Intervention
This manual reviews existing knowledge and research about the nature and causes of child neglect in the United States ...
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• US Department of Health and Human Services • 2006

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Special Education in School-Aged Children
This study found that prenatal cocaine use increases the likelihood of a child requiring an individual education plan and support services.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• American Academy of Pediatrics • July 2008

Promising Strategies to Reduce Substance Abuse
This report provides an overview of strategies that have been successful in reducing substance abuse in the American population.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• U.S Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs • September 2000

Depression, Substance Abuse, and Domestic Violence
This paper summarizes research on the occurrence of depression, domestic violence, and substance abuse among low-income women and the effects these factors have on women and their children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Center for Children in Poverty • June 2004

Promoting Resilience: Helping Young Children and Parents Affected by Substance Abuse, Domestic Violence, and Depression in the Context of Welfare Reform
This paper explores how unemployed parents are impacted by domestic violence, substance abuse, and/or mental illness on young children in the home.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Center for Children in Poverty • February 2000

Why Marriage Matters: 21 Conclusions From the Social Sciences
This paper discusses the economic, educational, psychological, health-related, and developmental benefits of marriage and the negative consequences of divorce.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Centre of the American Experiment • 2002

Impact of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Child Behavior Problems Through School Age
The study examined the impact of high prenatal cocaine exposure on the trajectory of behaviour problems in young children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• American Academy of Pediatrics • February 2007

Grandmother and Parent Influences on Child Self-esteem
This paper proposes an intergenerational link between a grandmother’s drug use and a grandchild’s low self-esteem.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• American Academy of Pediatrics • February 2007

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Gender Differences in Childhood Mental Health Problems: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study
This preliminary study examines the effects of low level alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the mental health of children between 4 and 8 years of age.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• American Academy of Pediatrics • February 2007

Smoking and Reproductive Life: The Impact of Smoking on Sexual, Reproductive and Child Health
This report examines the effects of smoking on sexual, reproductive and child health, including issues of fertility, breastfeeding, and physical illness.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• British Medical Association • February 2004

Drug-Exposed Kids Thrive in Adoptive Homes
This paper explores the effects of prenatal exposure to drugs and looks at how these children fare in adoptive families.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Adoptive Families Association of British Columbia • 1999

Risk and Resilience in Six- and Ten-Year-Old Children
This study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) to create an “index of adversity” to enable researchers to identify children whose development is most at risk due to various stress factors in their lives.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Human Resources Development Canada • October 01, 1998

Creating Solutions: Women Preventing FAS, Understanding Women's Substance Misuse
This paper presents findings from a participatory action research group which examined how women recover from substance misuse and thus prevent fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Creating Solutions Participatory Action Research • 2001

Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings
This report presents comprehensive information about the prevalence and frequency of drug, alcohol and tobacco use, the number of users, the characteristics of users, and the types of substances used.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• SAMHSA: Office of Applied Studies • 2003

Parental Influences on Adolescent Marijuana Use and the Baby Boom Generation
This paper explores trends in drug consumption, and looks specifically at how the marijuana and substance abuse of parents influences the drug abuse outcomes of their adolescent children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration • January 02, 2004

Heroin
This fact sheet describes heroin, the effects of heroin, possible treatments for heroin addiction, and the extent of this drugs use in the US.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Drug Abuse • February 2005

LSD
This fact sheet describes LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), a hallucinogenic drug.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Drug Abuse • February 2005

Methamphetamine
This fact sheet describes methamphetamine, an addictive stimulant drug.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Drug Abuse • May 2005

Parenting Influences on the Development of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
This article discusses the influence of alcohol-specifc and non-alcohol specific parenting characteristics on children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism • 1997

Risk and Reality: The Implications of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Other Drugs
This report reviews existing research on the short- and long-term effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and/or drugs.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Education • 1994

Blending Perspectives and Building Common Ground: A Report to Congress on Substance Abuse and Child Protection
This comprehensive report examines the relationship between parental substance abuse and child maltreatment.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• U.S. Government Printing Office • April 1999

Alcohol Abuse as a Risk Factor For and Consequence of Child Abuse
This article explores the reciprocal relationship between parental alcohol abuse and child maltreatment.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism • 2001

Alcohol and Illicit Drug Dependence
This article examines the prevalence and symptoms of alcohol and illicit drug dependence and studies the relationship between substance addiction and depression.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Statistics Canada • 2004

Taking Stock of Risk Factors for Child/Youth Externalizing Behaviour Problems
This book explores a number of risk factors and process which contribute to child and adolescent behavioural problems, including peer influences, social and family environments, schools and communities.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute of Mental Health • November 2001

Foster Care: Agencies Face Challenges Securing Stable Homes for Children of Substance Abusers
This report investigates the prevalence and characteristics of parental substance abuse among foster children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• United States General Accounting Office • September 1998

Children at Risk because of Parental Substance Abuse
This paper provides information about the number of children in the United States who are at risk because their biological, step, adoptive, or foster parents abuse drugs or alcohol.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Office of Applied Statistics, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration • April 6, 2004

Alcohol, Tobacco and Substance Abuse and Washington Children, January 1999
This fact sheet discusses children’s and adolescents' exposure to, and use of, illegal substances.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Human Services Policy Center • January 1999

Children 2004: Vision, Action, Results
This fact sheet examines recent American statistics on the family, including those pertaining to child abuse, youth crime, child poverty, parental substance abuse, health, childcare, domestic violence, and foster care.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Child Welfare League of America • 2004

Making Children a National Priority 2002: Children, Youth, and Families in the United States
This fact sheet presents American national data on family issues, including foster care, adoption, parental substance abuse, child poverty, and welfare.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Child Welfare League of America • 2002

Children 2001-Creating Connected Communities: Policy, Action, Committment
This fact sheet provides American statistics on family issues, including those pertaining to child abuse, foster care, youth crime, child poverty, and parental substance abuse.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Child Welfare League of America • 2001

National Fact Sheet 2000
This fact sheet examines American statistics on the family, including those pertaining to child abuse, youth crime, child poverty, parental substance abuse, health, and foster care.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Child Welfare League of America • 2000

National Fact Sheet 2003-Making Children a National Priority: Children, Youth, and Family in the United States
This fact sheet provides American statistics on family issues such as foster care, childcare, welfare, mental health, youth crime, child poverty, homelessness, and parental substance abuse.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Child Welfare League of America • 2003

Can a Child Sue for Prenatal Injuries? Dobson (Litigation Guardian of) v. Dobson, Supreme Court of Canada File No.: 26152
This page summarizes and comments on the Dobson v. Dobson case in which a mother was sued for injuries sustained by the child while he was in utero. • Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Centre for Cultural Renewal • July 09, 1999 (date of decision)

MDMA (Ecstasy)
This fact sheet describes the drug MDMA or ecstasy.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Drug Abuse • March 2005

Inhalant Abuse
This report discusses inhalant abuse.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute of Health • March 2005

Crack and Cocaine
This fact sheet describes cocaine, an addictive stimulant drug.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Drug Abuse • March 2005

Parental Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment Literature Review
This literature review examines the relationship between parental substance abuse and child maltreatment.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Children and Family Research Center • May 2002

Parental Drug and Alcohol Misuse: Resilience and Transition among Young People
This paper presents the results of a study that investigates the experiences of 38 young people who have at least one parent with a substance abuse problem.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Joseph Rowntree Foundation • October 21, 2004

Drug Use Among U.S. Workers: Prevalence & Trends by Occupation and Industry
This report provides information on the abuse of alcohol and illegal drugs by full-time workers, and it discusses the characteristics and occupations of drug users.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration • 1996

Susbtance Abuse Among Persons in Families Receiving Government Assistance
This brief report discusses the characteristics of families receiving assistance and compares their rates of drug and alcohol use to those of unassisted families.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Office of Applied Studies: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration • April 19, 2002

Marital Status and Substance Abuse Among Women
This paper demonstrates that, compared to divorced, separated, cohabiting and never-married women, married women are significantly less likely to smoke, engage in binge drinking, or use illegal drugs.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Office of Applied Studies: Substance Abuse and Mental Health • May 28, 2004

Drugs & Crime Facts
This document provides statistical information regarding the relationship between drug use and crime, violations of drug laws, and drug treatment for incarcerated offenders.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics • May 27, 2005

1995 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, Tobacco Related Statistics
This paper explores trends in drug abuse, cigarette smoking, alcohol and marijuana use, and tobacco consumption.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration • August 01, 1996

Indicators of Child Development and Religious Commitment In Canada: A Factbook
This fact book examines various aspects of child development, and looks at the impact of religion on child outcomes, including academic performance and character development.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Christian Commitment Research Institute • April 01, 2003

Alcohol Dependence or Abuse Among Parents with Children Living in the Home
This study shows that 5 million adults who abuse or are dependent on alcohol have children in their home.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Office of Applied Studies: Substance Abuse and Mental Health • February 13, 2004

ALLEGATIONS OF CHILD ABUSE IN THE CONTEXT OF PARENTAL SEPARATION
This article deals with the tension, hostility and challenges that arise when parents separate as a result of allegations of child abuse.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Department of Justice Canada • 2001

Children Living With Substance-Abusing or Substance-Dependent Parents
This paper estimates that 6 million children, or 9% of all children in the United States, are living with at least one parent who uses or is dependent on drugs.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Office of Applied Studies: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration • June 02, 2003

Dobson v. Dobson
This court decision questions whether a child, or the child's guardian, may sue the mother for pre-natal negligence resulting in physical and or mental impairment.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Canadian Legal Information Institute • June 30, 2000

Best Practices: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects and the Effects of Other Substance Use During Pregnancy
This paper discusses fetal alcohol syndrome, its prevalence in Canada, its effects, and the characteristics of mothers at risk for, or with, FAS infants.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Health Canada • December 01, 2000

Children Living With Substance-Abusing or Substance-Dependent Parents
This brief paper examines trends in the prevalence of parental alcohol and drug consumption in the US.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • June 02, 2003

Effects of Changes in the Price of Cigarettes on the Rate of Adolescent Smoking
This study discusses various efforts to reduce the prevalence of smoking among adolescents.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Canadian Paediatric Society • 1998

Study Finds Significant Mental Deficits in Toddlers Exposed to Cocaine Before Birth
This paper studies the outcomes of pre-natal exposure to cocaine in infants and toddlers.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• National Institute on Drug Abuse • January 01, 2003

Alcohol and Parenting: The Effects of Maternal Heavy Drinking
This study is based on data collected through the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), and focuses on the impact heavy alcohol consumption has on mothers and their children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Human Resources Development Canada • October 01, 1998

The Dimensions, Pathways, and Consequences of Youth Reentry
This paper discusses the responsibility and challenge of the community as they respond to integrating young people, who have been in adult prisons, back into society.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• The Urban Institute • January 01, 2004

Winnipeg Child and Family Services (Northwest Area) v. G. (D.F.), [1997] 3 S.C.R. 925
This Supreme Court decision deals with the state's jurisdiction to confine a pregnant woman in order to safeguard the health of the unborn child.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Canadian Legal Information Institute • October 31, 1997

Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
This book gives an extensive overview, explanation, and analysis of mental health issues, their causes and effects, associated risk and protective factors, and available treatment and support strategies.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • 1999

Smoking During Pregnancy and Newborn Neurobehavior
This article explores the effects of maternal smoking on the neurobehaviour and cognitive development of infants.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• American Academy of Pediatrics • June 01, 2003

Cleaning Up Their Act: The Impacts of Marriage and Cohabitation on Licit and Illicit Drug Use
This paper examines the impact of marriage or cohabitation on the risk behaviours of young adults, such as binge drinking, smoking, and marijuana consumption.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Parental Substance Abuse
• Northwestern University • August 25, 2003

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