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Division of Labour  

Fatherhood in the Twenty-first Century
This essay discusses how current cultural trends affecting fatherhood will continue to influence future child rearing.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Society for Research in Child Development • January/February 2000

How Reliable Are Fathers' Reports of Involvement With Their Children?: A Methodological Report
This study tested the accuracy of men's reports of involvement with their children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Mens Studies Press • January 1, 2005

Abstract
This study examined stay-at-home fathers and their integration of work and family.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Mens Studies Press • September 22, 2004

Predictors of Paternal Involvement in Childcare in Dual-Earner Families With Young Children
This study examined fathers in dual-earner households to determine the percentage of time fathers spend as their child's primary caregiver.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Mens Studies Press • January 1, 2006

Revisiting Men's Role in Father Involvement: The Importance of Personal Expectations
This study examined expectant fathers' and mothers' expectations for paternal involvement to see if expectations for paternal involvement predicted paternal involvement postnatally.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Mens Studies Press • March 22, 2005

Gender Equality, Parenthood Attitudes, and First Births in Sweden
This study explores the gender role attitudes of young men and women in Sweden to determine whether these attitudes influence the age at which young people become parents.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Vienna Institute of Demography • 2006

Australian Social Trends 1999: Work - Unpaid Work: How Couples Share Domestic Work
This article examines Australian statistics on how couples divide household chores, and how much time each gender spends doing domestic work.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • January 26, 2000

Australian Social Trends 1995: Family - Family Functioning: Family Support
This article provides a statistical overview of family life in Australia including parental involvement, time spent with children, care of elderly parents, and financial support for children living at home or on their own.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • January 05, 2001

Australian Social Trends 1999: Family - Family Functioning: Looking After the Children
This report calculates the time parents spend being involved in their child's care and related activities.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • January 26, 2000

Australian Social Trends 2001: Income and Expenditure - Income Distribution: Value of Unpaid Work
This article uses Australian statistics to estimate the economic value of unpaid work such as housework and domestic duties.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • May 20, 2002

Preparing for Parenthood: Who's Ready, Who's Not?
This study examines pregnancy intendedness, attendance at parenting classes, access to support from family or friends, and psychological preparedness in order to assess couples' readiness to parent.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • May 01, 1998

“He Doesn’t Realize That He Has To Be a Parent As Well As Someone Who Brings Home The Money”: Boys Talk about Their Parents’ Paid and Unpaid Labor
This study examines boys' perceptions of the role that their parents, particularly their fathers, should play in the family.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Working Families • May 01, 2002

Canadian Attitudes on the Family
This survey asked a broad range of questions dealing with all aspects of the attitudes of Canadians toward marital and family satisfaction, work/family balance, taxation, family size, the impacts of cohabitation, divorce, same-sex marriage, parenting and the impact of children on marital satisfaction, and the significance of religion.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Focus on the Family (Canada) • June 01, 2002

The Family Law Reform Act 1995: The First Three Years
This study looks at the impact of the 1995 reforms to the family law system in Australia.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• University of Sydney & Family Court of Australia • December 2000

Household Production, Full Consumption and the Costs of Children
This paper critiques existing models for measuring the costs of children and argues that such measurement should incorporate the parental time costs of raising children, as time must be shifted from labour market work, household production and leisure to care for children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Institute for the Study of Labor • May 2000

Maternal Employment, Migration, and Child Development
This article evaluates the roles and relationships between parental and school influences on child development.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill • November 2003

Parental Leave – A Policy Evaluation of the Swedish “Daddy-Month” Reform
This paper examines the effects of government reforms which increase incentives for fathers to take paternal leave after the birth of a child in Sweden.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Institute for the Study of Labor • May 2005

The Changing Culture of Parenting
In this paper the author argues that profound cultural shifts have significantly altered the ways in which Canadians parent their children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• The Vanier Institute of the Family • May 2004

The Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Role Attitudes: Do Fathers Matter?
This paper examines the extent to which fathers' gender role attitudes and behaviours affect their offsprings' attitudes, both independently and in conjunction with maternal influences.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Family and Demographic Research • May 2000

Paternal Involvement with Children: The Role of Gender Ideologies
This paper examines the effects of parental gender ideologies on the nature and extent of fathers' involvement with their children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Family and Demographic Research • 2003

The Emerging Role of Grandparents in Asia
This study of families in Taiwan, Thailand, and the Philippines demonstrates that many grandparents are co-residents with their children and grandchildren.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Population Studies Center • October 1998

Fathers' and Mothers' Involvement in Their Children's Schools by Family Type and Resident Status
This paper explores the level of parental involvement in their child's school and education, and examines the impact of this involvement on the child's academic outcomes.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• National Center for Education Statistics • May 2001

Gender, Employment, and Housework
This paper compares the employment status of, and the division of household labour, amongst married couples in Japan and the US.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison • 1996

Effects of Wives’ Employment on Marital Quality
This paper investigates the effects of women’s employment on marital quality, and examines the degree to which the division of household labour and a wife’s work preferences and characteristics influence marital satisfaction.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison • October 2000

Families in Britain
This paper examines changes in family structure and function in Britain, including a discussion of adoption, single-parenthood, marriage, divorce, and remarriage.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Family Policy Studies Centre • October 1995

The Influence of the Distribution of Household and Childrearing Tasks between Men and Women on Childbearing Intentions in Austria
This paper examines the influence of shared responsibility for child care and household labour on plans for future childbearing among couples with one child.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • January 2002

Gender Differences in Perceptions of Paternal Responsibility
This paper examines gender differences in the perception of paternal obligations and rights towards their children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • April 27, 2004

Public Perceptions of Work-Life Balance
This paper reveals Canadians' perceived balance between life activities based on interviews with ...
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Women’s Executive Network (WXN) • July 2003

Reinventing Fatherhood: Toward an Historical Understanding of Continuity and Change in Men's Family Lives
The authors argue that researchers in the U.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• National Center on Fathers and Families • December 01, 1998

Exploring Variations in Men's Family Roles
This paper studies popular attitudes towards gender roles, specifically in regard to popular attitudes towards gender roles and family structure.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • June 01, 1996

Step-Parenting in the 1990's
This paper discusses the impact of stepfamilies on well-being, and finds that this type of household, on average, experiences greater economic hardship and more stress and conflict than first-families.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Joseph Rowntree Foundation • June 01, 1998

Men’s Perceptions of Their Roles and Responsibilities Regarding Sex, Contraception and Childrearing
This study, based on data from the 1991 National Survey of Men, looks at men's beliefs about their role, in relation to women's, in making decisions pertaining to sex, contraception, and the care of children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• The Alan Guttmacher Institute • October 01, 1996

Caring Differently: A Time-Use Analysis of the Type and Social Context of Child Care Performed by Fathers and Mothers
This paper examines differences in the child care patterns and activities of mothers and fathers.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Social Policy Research Center • September 01, 2002

Fathers' Perceptions of Paternal Roles: Variations by Marital Status and Living Arrangement
This study asked fathers what they perceived to be their most important parental role: financial support, direct care, love and affection, protection, discipline, or teaching life lessons.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • October 01, 2003

Unmarried Parents and Models of Fatherhood: New or Conventional Ideas about Paternal Involvement
This study examines the beliefs of unmarried, low-income fathers from varying racial and ethnic backgrounds regarding the role they should play in their children's lives.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • August 10, 1999

The Time Cost of Parenthood: An Analysis of Daily Workload
This paper examines the amount of time that parents spend caring for their children, and the impact that this has on the division of labour in a household.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Division of Labour
• Social Policy Research Centre • October 01, 2002

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