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Cohabiting Parents  

Generation Gap in Values, Behaviors: As Marriage and Parenthood Drift Apart, Public is Concerned about Social Impact
This national survey of 2020 adults finds that people are worried about the societal impact of the separation of parenthood from marriage.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Pew Research Center • July 1, 2007

Encouraging Marriage and Discouraging Divorce
This paper describes initiatives, both government-based and private/religious, aimed at reducing divorce and encouraging strong marriages.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Heritage Foundation • March 26, 2001

The State of Our Unions 2007: The Social Health of Marriage in America
This essay examines how the institution of marriage has lost some of its meaning in American family life today.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The National Marriage Project • July 2007

Why Marriage Matters: Marriage, Lone Parenthood, Cohabitation, and Child Well-Being in the West
This paper examines the decline of marriage in the West and its consequences for children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Howard Center for Family, Religion & Society • May 2007

Bringing Up Baby: Adoption, Marriage, and the Best Interests of the Child
This study argues that children waiting for adoption should be placed with married parents whenever possible.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Marshall-Wythe School of Law, Williamsburg Virginia • February 2006

The Relationahip Context of Births Outside of Marriage: The Rise in Cohabitation
This research brief reports that 37 percent of births in the United States occurred outside of marriage in 2005.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Child Trends • May 2007

“His” and “Her” Marriage Expectations: Determinants and Consequences
This study looks at unwed parents' expectation that they will marry and at the effect these expectations have on the likelihood that they will actually marry.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Revised May 2004

The Relationship Context of Births Outside of Marriage: The Rise of Cohabitation
This brief examines the growing rate of births to unmarried women in the United States, particularly among women in cohabitating relationships.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Child Trends • May 2007

The Living Arrangements of New Unmarried Mothers
This paper investigates the living arrangements of unwed mothers, and examines the factors that influence their decisions in this regard.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • May 01, 2002

Cohabitation: An Elusive Concept
This paper demonstrates that there is no easy definition or measurement of a cohabiting relationship, and argues that relationships between unmarried parents can be perceived as a continuum, from a marriage-like cohabiting relationship on one end, to the absence of any contact on the other.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Columbia University School of Social Work • 2004

Who Are “Fragile Families” and What Do We Know About Them?
This paper summarizes the findings of the first national study of unmarried parents, including information on their living conditions, financial security, and how they relate to one another.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Centre for Law And Social Policy • January 01, 2004

The Future Families Project: A Survey of Canadian Hopes and Dreams
This national survey of over 2000 Canadians conducted in 2003-2004 reveals what Canadians think about some of the key facets of family life including the nature of the family; dating; sexuality and cohabitation; marriage; children; parenthing and parents; and separation and divorce.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Vanier Institute of the Family • 2004

It's All in the Past: Exploring the Repercussions of Parents' Early Conjugal and Parental Histories on the Family Life Course of their Children
This study looks at parental union status before and after the birth of a child in order to determine the likelihood of parental separation.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Human Resources and Skills Development Canada • January 01, 2002

Are Married Parents Really Better for Children? What Research Says About the Effects of Family Structure on Child Well-Being
This paper examines the impact of family structure on child development, well-being, family income and overall child welfare.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Centre for Law And Social Policy • May 01, 2003

Canadian Attitudes on the Family
This survey asked a broad range of questions dealing with all aspects of the attitudes of Canadians toward marital and family satisfaction, work/family balance, taxation, family size, the impacts of cohabitation, divorce, same-sex marriage, parenting and the impact of children on marital satisfaction, and the significance of religion.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Focus on the Family (Canada) • June 01, 2002

Is a Baby a Good Reason to Marry?
This article examines the reasons which lead women and men to decide not to marry the other parent of their child.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center of the American Experiment • Summer 2001

The Facts Behind Cohabitation
This fact-sheet document highlights research about the differences between cohabitation and marriage.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Civitas: the Institute for the Study of Civil Society • c.2001

When Parents Separate: Further Findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth.
Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, this study examines the effects of parental separation on the family life course of children with particular attention to physical and economic well-being.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Child Support Team of the Department of Justice Canada • 2005

Custody, Access, and Child Support: Findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth
This report examines custody and living arrangements, access to the non-custodial parent, and the availability of child support for children of separated parents in Canada.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Department of Justice Canada • 1999

The Kids Are Alright? Children’s Well-Being and the Rise in Cohabitation
Using data from the 1999 National Survey of America’s Families (NSAF), this article examines the relationship between cohabitation, poverty, food insecurity and the material well-being and socio-economic outcomes of children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Urban Institute • July 01, 2002

Family Structure Measurement: Reconciling Adolescent and Mother Reports of Cohabiting Stepfamilies
This paper discusses the difficulties encountered when attempting to measure the prevalence and effects of cohabitation.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Family and Demographic Research • 2004

Instability in Fragile Families: The Role of Race-Ethnicity, Economics, and Relationship Quality
This study compares the prevalence of separation among married and cohabiting parents of young children, with attention paid to racial and economic differences in relationship stability.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • August 14-17, 2004

Unmarried but Not Absent: Fathers' Involvement with Children After a Non-Marital Birth
This paper examines fathers' involvement in their children's lives after a non-marital birth and demonstrates that the nature of the parental relationship at the time of birth is a key predictor of later involvement.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • March 2005

The Effect of Child Support Enforcement on Bargaining Power Among Married and Cohabiting Couples
This paper examines the relative bargaining power of women in married and cohabiting relationships in states with more stringent enforcement of child support payment.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • March 2005

Children and the Stability of Cohabiting Couples
This paper seeks to determine whether or not having children increases the stability of cohabiting couples' relationships.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Family and Demographic Research • 2000

Childbearing in Cohabiting Unions: Racial and Ethnic Differences
This paper examines fertility patterns in cohabiting unions and investigates racial differences in attitudes concerning the acceptability of cohabitation.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Family and Demographic Research • 2000

How Do Cohabiting Couples With Children Spend Their Money?
This paper uses data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey to compare spending patterns in cohabiting and married households.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies • April 2002

Cohabitation and Children’s Family Instability
This paper looks at the number of family transitions experienced by children in cohabiting households in order to determine the level of instability they experience.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Population Research Center • 2002

Biological and Stepfather Investment in Children
This paper discusses the differences in the parental involvement and parenting practices of biological, stepparent, and cohabiting fathers.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Population Studies Center • April 2001

Living Together Unmarried in the United States: Demographic Perspectives and Implications for Family Policy
This paper examines cohabitation in the context of current trends in union formation and dissolution, and discusses the effects of cohabitation on child well-being.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Population Studies Center • March 2004

The Implications of Parents' Conjugal Histories For Children
This paper examines the consequences of increasing levels of cohabitation, as opposed to marriage, as the basis for starting a family.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• ISUMA • Autumn 2000

Why Not Just Live To g e t h e r ?
By examining Swedish and Canadian data, the author looks at the effects of cohabitation on future marriage and on children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center of the American Experiment • Summer 2001

Maternal Stress and Mothering Behaviors in Stable and Unstable Families
This paper examines the effect of family structure arrangements on maternal stress and parenting style.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Revised May 2004

Should We Live Together? What Young Adults Need to Know about Cohabitation before Marriage
This article examines the characteristics of cohabiting couples and the harm caused to children by cohabitation.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• National Marriage Project • 2002

Fragile Families One Year Later: Oakland California
This paper examines the characteristics of unwed parents in Oakland, California and the degree to which they are economically stable.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Public Policy Institute of California • October 01, 2002

Increased Cohabitation Changing Children's Family Settings
This brief paper discusses trends in cohabitation and the impact that increasing rates of cohabitation has on the family structure and living arrangements of children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development • September 01, 2002

High Hopes But Even Higher Expectations: The Retreat From Marriage Among Low-Income Couples
This paper looks at unmarried parents' attitudes towards marriage and the likelihood that they will marry by the time their child is a year old.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • June 01, 2003

Beyond the Two-Parent Family: How Teenagers Fare in Cohabiting Couple and Blended Families
This paper explores the relationship between teens' living arrangements and their behavioural outcomes.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Urban Institute • May 01, 2001

A Closer Look at Changes in Children’s Living Arrangements in Low-Income Families
This paper examines changes in the living arrangements of American children between 1999 and 2001, and discusses the stability of various family structures and their impact on child well-being.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Johns Hopkins University • February 20, 2000

Cohabiting Parents' Experience of Relationships and Separation
This paper studies the cohabiting relationship, why people choose to cohabit, cohabiters' views on marriage, and the legal and parenting challenges cohabiting couples face after separation.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • April 01, 2000

Hardship in Married and Cohabiting Parent Households: Do Cohabiting Couples Underinvest in Household Public Goods?
This study suggests that couples in cohabiting relationships experience greater economic hardship than those in married relationships due to the uncertainty about the duration of their.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • September 01, 2003

What do "I Do's" Do? Potential Benefits of Marriage for Cohabitating Couples With Children
By examining the differences in child well-being of children from married couple and cohabiting families, this paper explores the negative emotional and economic effects of cohabitation on children.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Urban Institute • May 01, 2004

Marriage Following the Birth of a Child Among Cohabiting and Visiting Parents
This paper examines factors that affect the likelihood that unmarried parents will marry after the birth of their child.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • March 01, 2004

The Positive Effects of Marriage: A Book of Charts
These charts highlight how the decline of marriage affects children and adults compared with the numerous benefits that marriage offers.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Heritage Foundation • April 01, 2002

Promoting Marriage as Welfare Policy: Looking at Public Role in Private Lives
This paper explores the government's use of welfare reform as a means of promoting and strengthening the institution of marriage.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The George Washington University • February 15, 2002

Why Men Won't Commit: Exploring Young Men's Attitudes About Sex, Dating, and Marriage
This study of young, unmarried men found that many are reluctant to marry due to the increasing acceptability of cohabitation which has been an important contributor to this increasing trend.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The National Marriage Project • 2002

The Determinants of Paternal Involvement among Unwed Fathers
This study looks at how unwed fathers' involvement in their familes' lives is affected by race, age, education, family structure, income, father values, and the status of their relationship with the mother.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • November 01, 2000

Australian Social Trends 1995: Family - Family Formation: Trends in De Facto Partnering
This article documents trends in cohabitation, cohabiting relationships, and births to cohabiting couples in Australia.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • January 25, 2001

Perception Correction for Congress: New Study Indicates Poor Parents Want to Marry
In response to the "Fragile Families" Survey, which indicated that policies encouraging marriage were well-received among poor and unwed parents, this paper recommends that Members of Congress provide funding through the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Act in order to promote marriage.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder • October 01, 2001

Restoring a Culture of Marriage: Good News for Policymakers From the Fragile Families Survey
This article discusses the findings of the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Survey and emphasizes the importance of promoting marriage among unmarried parents.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Heritage Foundation • June 01, 2002

Fathers' Perceptions of Paternal Roles: Variations by Marital Status and Living Arrangement
This study asked fathers what they perceived to be their most important parental role: financial support, direct care, love and affection, protection, discipline, or teaching life lessons.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • October 01, 2003

It’s All in the Past? Exploring the Repercussions of Parents’ Early Conjugal and Parental Histories on the Family Life Course of Their Children
Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey on Children and Youth (NLSCY), this paper examines the impact the parents’ conjugal and parental behaviour (prior to the union in which the target child was born) has upon the child’s outcomes
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• Human Resources Development Canada • January 01, 2002

Changes in Family Structure and Child Well-Being: Evidence from the 2002 National Survey of America’s Families
This paper shows that children living with married parents experience less material hardship than children living in single-parent or cohabiting homes.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing > Cohabiting Parents
• The Urban Institute • August 15, 2003

Cohabitation and Divorce Across Nations and Generations
This paper assesses the extent to which parental separation or divorce during childhood affects adulthood relational outcomes.
• Category: Parenthood/Childrearing >