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Parental Marital Status  

The Living Arrangements of New Unmarried Mothers
This paper investigates the living arrangements of unwed mothers, and examines the factors that influence their decisions in this regard.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • May 01, 2002

The Impact of Disabilities on Mothers’ Work Participation: Examining Differences Between Single and Married Mothers
This paper investigates the ways in which maternal employment is affected by having a disability or by having a child with a disability.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Institute for Women's Policy Research • February 01, 2004

Understanding the Early Years: Early Childhood Development in Hampton/Sussex, New Brunswick
Using data from the the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), this report seeks to explain children's outcomes in terms of family background, family processes, and community factors.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Human Resources Development Canada • April 01, 2003

Encouraging Marriage and Discouraging Divorce
This paper describes initiatives, both government-based and private/religious, aimed at reducing divorce and encouraging strong marriages.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Heritage Foundation • March 26, 2001

Life-Span Adjustment of Children to their Parents' Divorce
This article examines a variety of factors that determine how well children cope with the breakup of their parents' marriage.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Future of Children • Spring 1994

Child and Spousal Support: Maintenance Enforcement Survey Statistics
This report provides data on the characteristics of marital and child support cases registered under the Maintenance Enforcement Program for 2008-2009.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics • November 2009

Family Structure and the Economic Mobility of Children
This report looks at the economic ability of adults to surpass the earnings of their parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Economic Mobility Project, Pew Charitable Trust • April 2010

When Two Become One: The Unique Nature and Benefits of Marriage (Second Edition)
This publication looks at marriage from a biblical perspective and discusses the changes in Canadian marriage policy.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada • 2006

Understanding the Early Years: Early Childhood Development in Niagara Falls, Ontario
Using data from the the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), this report seeks to explain children's outcomes in terms of family background, family processes, and community factors.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Human Resources Development Canada • June 01, 2003

Marriage and Government: Strange Bedfellows?
This paper discusses the role that government should play in promoting marriage.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Law and Social Policy • August 01, 2001

Family Structure, Intergenerational Mobility, and the Reproduction of Poverty: Evidence for Increasing Polarization?
This paper looks at the extent to which the intergenerational transmission of poverty and family structure, along with differential fertility, affects historical trends in the distribution of poverty and single-parenthood.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• California Center for Population Research • October 02, 2003

Non-Marital Fertility in the European Economic Area
This paper discusses differences in non-marital childbearing between countries in the European Economic Area.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Statistics Netherlands, Division of Social and Spatial Statistics • February 26, 2003

Instability in Fragile Families: The Role of Race-Ethnicity, Economics, and Relationship Quality
This study compares the prevalence of separation among married and cohabiting parents of young children, with attention paid to racial and economic differences in relationship stability.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • August 14-17, 2004

Childbearing in Cohabiting Unions: Racial and Ethnic Differences
This paper examines fertility patterns in cohabiting unions and investigates racial differences in attitudes concerning the acceptability of cohabitation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Family and Demographic Research • 2000

Comments on the Report of the Joint Select Committee on the Operation and the Interpretation of the Family Law Act
This document contains comments and recommendations by the Family Law Council pertaining to the Family Law Act ...
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Family Law Council • January 01, 1993

Should We Live Together? What Young Adults Need to Know about Cohabitation before Marriage
This article examines the characteristics of cohabiting couples and the harm caused to children by cohabitation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• National Marriage Project • 2002

Marriage and Welfare Reform: The Overwhelming Evidence that Marriage Education Works
This article looks at the effects of the 1996 welfare reform law to strengthen and increase the number of two-parent families in the United States.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Heritage Foundation • October 25, 2002

The Risk of Divorce as a Barrier to Marriage among Parents of Young Children
This paper reviews factors that elevate the risk of divorce among married couples and demonstrates that unmarried parents who perceive their risk of divorce to be high are more likely to delay or decide against marriage than those whose perceived risk of divorce is lower.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • 2007

Incarceration and the Bonds Among Parents in Fragile Families
This paper investigates the effect that previous paternal incarceration has on the relationship stability and permanency of new, unmarried parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Revised January 2003

Cohabitation, Marriage and Child Wellbeing: A Cross-National Perspective
The author examines empirical data to chart the rapid rise of cohabitation across Western nations.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The National Marriage Project, Rutgers • 2008

The Effect of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Union Formation
This paper investigates the effect that changing child support enforcement and welfare benefit eligibility policies have on family formation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • June 2002/October 2003

Health Status and Behaviors of Unwed Fathers
This paper provides a comparative analysis of the overall well-being of fathers who are either married or in other various forms of relationships with their child's mother.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • January 01, 2001

The Early Identification and Streaming of Cases of High Conflict Separation and Divorce: A review
This paper outlines the risk factors and negative outcomes that children of parental divorce or separation are likely to experience, such as high conflict, parental absence, violence, and emotional maladjustment.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Department of Justice Canada • 2001

Fragile Families One Year Later: Oakland California
This paper examines the characteristics of unwed parents in Oakland, California and the degree to which they are economically stable.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Public Policy Institute of California • October 01, 2002

Marriage Decline in America
This paper reports on the declining rates of marriage in America and emphasizes the negative impact this has on children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The National Marriage Project • May 22, 2001

Australian Social Trends 1994: Family - Living Arrangements: Lone Fathers With Dependent Children
This document highlights Australian statistics on the labour force participation and housing arrangements of single fathers with dependant children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • February 22, 2001

Young, Single, Non-Residential Fathers: Their Involvement in Fatherhood
This paper discusses recent findings on the attitudes, feelings, economic situations, and levels of parental involvement of unmarried fathers who wish to participate in their children's upbringing.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • December 01, 1997

The Denial: Downplaying the Consequences of Family Structure for Children
This paper discusses the history of the belief that family structure has no impact on child well-being.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Institute for American Values • 2005

Canadian Attitudes on the Family
This survey asked a broad range of questions dealing with all aspects of the attitudes of Canadians toward marital and family satisfaction, work/family balance, taxation, family size, the impacts of cohabitation, divorce, same-sex marriage, parenting and the impact of children on marital satisfaction, and the significance of religion.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Focus on the Family (Canada) • June 01, 2002

Do Good Partners Make Good Parents? Relationship Quality and Parenting in Married and Unmarried Families
This study demonstrates that positive mother-father relationships are associated with higher quality parent-child relationships.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Revised November 2006

Children and Stepfamilies: A Snapshot
This report discusses the impact that being part of a stepfamily has on children's developmental outcomes and parent relationships.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Law and Social Policy • November 01, 1998

The Effects of Family Characteristics and Time Use on Teenage Girls' and Boys' Household Labor
This paper looks at gender differences in teenagers' contributions to household chores, and examines how this inequality grows throughout the high school grades.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • 1998

Millennium Cohort Study: Family Demographics
This paper is the second instalment of a longitudinal study examining the home situation of children in the United Kingdom.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education , University of London • June 2007

The Family Law Review
This continuation of the Breakthrough Britain series examines family law in the interest of encouraging a high-commitment culture to marriage and family.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Centre for Social Justice • November 2008

The Relative Stability of Cohabiting and Marital Unions for Children
This paper demonstrates that, regardless of ethnicity, children in cohabiting unions experience greater instability than children born into married families.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Family and Demographic Research • 2004

Life after Teenage Motherhood
This study examines the personal and long-term socioeconomic characteristics of mothers ages 30 to 39, comparing women who gave birth as teens to women who gave birth as adults.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Statistics Canada • May 2008

Living Arrangements of Children: 2004
This report provides an overview of children’s living arrangements in the United States.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Census Bureau, US Department of Commerce • February 2008

Births: Preliminary Data for 2006
This report provides preliminary data on births in the United States in 2006.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• National Vital Statistics • December 5, 2007

Census Snapshot of Canada – Families
This brief report summarizes the 2006 Canadian census data on families, concluding that married parent families represent the majority of Canadian families.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Statistics Canada • Fall 2007

The Relationship Context of Births Outside of Marriage: The Rise of Cohabitation
This brief examines the growing rate of births to unwed parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Child Trends • May 2007

The Relationship Between Teenage Motherhood and Marriage
This research brief provides statistical information about the disadvantages teenage mothers and their children face as well as mothers' expectations to marry.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Child Trends/The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy • September 2004

The Voice of the Child in Divorce, Custody, and Access Proceedings
This paper suggests ways that the provincial and federal governments can give children a greater voice in divorce, custody and access proceedings.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Department of Justice Canada • 2002

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Marriage among New, Unwed Parents
In this paper the authors seek to understand why white and Hispanic parents are far more likely to marry within one year of a non-marital birth than are African American parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • July 2004

Final Federal-Provincial-Territorial Report on Custody Access and Child Support: Putting Children First
This paper looks at previous research, surveys and studies on the challenges faced by children and families throughout the process of family separation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Federal-Provincial-Territorial Family Law Committee • November 01, 2002

Strengthening Couples and Marriage in Low-Income Communities
This paper discusses the importance of and challenges to promoting marriage in low-income communities, with a particular focus on the situation among urban African-Americans.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Resource Center on Couples and Marriage Policy, Center for Law and Social Policy • 2002

For Richer or Poorer? Marriage as an Anti-Poverty Strategy in the United States
This paper provides a critique of policies that promote marriage as a route to economic stability for single mothers.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • July 01, 2003

CBBC Newsround Survey- Children's Lifestyles
This BBC survey of 1,000 children ages 6-12 asked children various questions about what life is like for them today.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• CBBC • December 3, 2007

Family Portrait: Continuity and Change in Canadian Families and Households in 2006, 2006 Census
This report based on data from the 2006 census examines family structure including marital status, household and living arrangements across Canada.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Statistics Canada • September 2007

Can Married Parents Prevent Crime?
This paper examines 23 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2005 that examine family structure and crime.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Institute for Marriage and Public Policy • September 21, 2005

Marriage as a Social Good: Why Get Married?
This paper argues that the institution of marriage is one of the keys to a healthy, well-functioning society because it enhances personal security, economic well-being and limits government intervention.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Howard Center for Family, Religion & Society • May 2007

Why Marriage Matters: Marriage, Lone Parenthood, Cohabitation, and Child Well-Being in the West
This paper examines the decline of marriage in the West and its consequences for children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Howard Center for Family, Religion & Society • May 2007

Prevalence of Methylphenidate Use Among Canadian Children Following Parental Divorce
This report based on data from Canada's National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth (NLSCY) found that children were twice as likely to be prescribed the drug Ritalin in the period following their parents' divorce.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Canadian Medical Association • June 5, 2007

The Relationahip Context of Births Outside of Marriage: The Rise in Cohabitation
This research brief reports that 37 percent of births in the United States occurred outside of marriage in 2005.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Child Trends • May 2007

“His” and “Her” Marriage Expectations: Determinants and Consequences
This study looks at unwed parents' expectation that they will marry and at the effect these expectations have on the likelihood that they will actually marry.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Revised May 2004

Disruptive Events during the High School Years and Educational Attainment
This paper examines how high school attendance, dropout rates, and the pursuit of post-secondary education are affected by family structure and family relocation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Institute for Research on Poverty • August 01, 1998

The Changing Face of Child Poverty in California
This report provides a picture of the particular nature of child poverty in California.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• National Center for Children in Poverty • August 01, 2002

Evaluating Marriage: Does Marriage Matter to the Nurturing of Children?
This article shows that marriage is an institution worthy of state legal and financial support because of the positive effect marriage has on children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• University of San Diego Law School • October 12, 2005

The Relationship Context of Births Outside of Marriage: The Rise of Cohabitation
This brief examines the growing rate of births to unmarried women in the United States, particularly among women in cohabitating relationships.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Child Trends • May 2007

Cohabitation: An Elusive Concept
This paper demonstrates that there is no easy definition or measurement of a cohabiting relationship, and argues that relationships between unmarried parents can be perceived as a continuum, from a marriage-like cohabiting relationship on one end, to the absence of any contact on the other.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Columbia University School of Social Work • 2004

How Will Welfare Reform Affect Childbearing and Family Structure Decisions?
This paper provides evidence that reforms to the welfare system have been moderately successful both in encouraging marriage and in discouraging divorce, avoidance of child support, living separately from relatives, and childbearing while unmarried or on welfare.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Institute for Research on Poverty • October 2001

No Minor Matter: Developing a Coherent Policy on Paternity Establishment for Children Born to Underage Parents
This report discusses the importance of being able to establish paternity for children born to unmarried parents and examines the particular challenges faced when the father is a minor.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Law and Social Policy • March 01, 2004

Who Are “Fragile Families” and What Do We Know About Them?
This paper summarizes the findings of the first national study of unmarried parents, including information on their living conditions, financial security, and how they relate to one another.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Centre for Law And Social Policy • January 01, 2004

Single motherhood and mental health: implications for primary prevention
This paper provides an extensive survey of research done on the health of single mothers.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Canadian Medical Association • March 01, 1997

Divorce Law: Questions and Answers
This brochure provides information on divorce and divorce-related issues in Canada.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Department of Justice Canada • 2006

A Child’s Day: 2000 (Selected Indicators of Child Well-being)
This report examines the well-being of children and the influence of parental interaction, participation in extracurricular activities, academic achievement, and educational expectations.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• U.S. Census Bureau • August 2003

Profile of Canadian Families and Households: Diversification Continues
This report on the Canadian census from 2001 highlights changes in Canadian households over the past two decades.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Statistics Canada • October 22, 2002

The Politics of Fatherhood
This article outlines the statistics regarding fatherlessness and provides ...
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Political Science and Politics • December 2002

More than a Dating Service? State Activities Designed to Strengthen and Promote Marriage
This report describes some of the numerous and varied programs and policies that are being implemented in various states to promote marriage and two-parent families.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Law and Social Policy • October 01, 2002

Australian Social Trends 1996: Family - Family Formation: Trends in Fertility
This article examines trends in fertility, births, family size, and infant mortality in Australia.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • January 12, 2001

The Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study: Questions, Design, and a Few Preliminary Results
This paper looks at the characteristics of unwed parents, their attitudes towards parenting, marriage and relationships, as well as their economic, employment and educational status.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Institute for Research on Poverty • May 01, 2000

Are Married Parents Really Better for Children? What Research Says About the Effects of Family Structure on Child Well-Being
This paper examines the impact of family structure on child development, well-being, family income and overall child welfare.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Centre for Law And Social Policy • May 01, 2003

Is a Baby a Good Reason to Marry?
This article examines the reasons which lead women and men to decide not to marry the other parent of their child.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center of the American Experiment • Summer 2001

Cohabitation and Marriage: How are they related?
This paper reports on marriage and cohabitation trends in Canada and provides a comparative analysis of these family structures.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Vanier Institute of the Family • September 2005

The Conflation of Marriage and Cohabitation in Government Statistics- A Denial of Difference Rendered Untenable by an Analysis of Outcomes
This paper discusses the findings from the Millennium Cohort Study in the U.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Bristol Community Family Trust • September 2006

Children and Youth Research Paper Series: Child Care in Canada
This report examines different types of main child care arrangements in Canada.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Statistics Canada • April 2006

Does Child Gender Affect Marital Status?
This paper explores the relationship between child gender and divorce.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Centre for Economic Policy Research • May 2006

Child Issues
The "Features" section of this paper contains a compilation of articles relating to the well-being and best interests of children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Fraser Institute • June 01, 2001

The Family Law Reform Act 1995: The First Three Years
This study looks at the impact of the 1995 reforms to the family law system in Australia.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• University of Sydney & Family Court of Australia • December 2000

An Analysis of the Options for Changes in the Legal Regulation of Child Custody and Access
This paper examines possible reforms to the legal system that would enable it to facilitate the restructuring of parental relationships after divorce or separation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Department of Justice Canada • 2001

The Effects of Marriage on Child Poverty
This paper examines the relationship between the increased number of single-parent homes and the levels of child poverty.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Heritage Foundation • April 15, 2002

Looking for Murphy Brown: Are College-Educated Single Mother Unique?
This paper looks at single-motherhood among college educated women, and explores the possibility that their attitudes towards marriage, and their reasons for becoming single mothers, differ significantly from less-educated women.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Revised June 2003

Staying Single: The Effects of Welfare Reform Policies on Marriage and Cohabitation
This paper examines the effects of 14 different American welfare and employment programs on marriage and cohabitation decisions among single-parent families.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• MDRC • April 2003

The Effect of Child Support Enforcement on Bargaining Power Among Married and Cohabiting Couples
This paper examines the relative bargaining power of women in married and cohabiting relationships in states with more stringent enforcement of child support payment.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • March 2005

Effects of Parental Marital Status, Income, and Family Functioning on African American Adolescent Self-Esteem
This article explores the different ways that family factors affect the self-esteem of African American adolescent boys and girls.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• American Psychological Association • 2000

How Do Cohabiting Couples With Children Spend Their Money?
This paper uses data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey to compare spending patterns in cohabiting and married households.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies • April 2002

Cohabitation and Children’s Family Instability
This paper looks at the number of family transitions experienced by children in cohabiting households in order to determine the level of instability they experience.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Population Research Center • 2002

What Has Welfare Reform Accomplished? Impacts on Welfare Participation, Employment, Income, Poverty, and Family Structure
This comprehensive study of the effects of welfare reform in the United States finds that these reforms contributed to reduced welfare reliance, increased family income, and decreased poverty.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Population Studies Center • December 2003

Spouses or Babies? Race, Poverty, and Pathways to Family Formation
This paper looks at racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of non-marital childbearing as a pathway to family formation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Population Research Center • March 1994

Sexual Intercourse and Pregnancy Among African-American Adolescent Girls in High Poverty Neighbourhoods: The Role of Family and Community Factors
This study of adolescent girls in high risk neighbourhoods examines factors that either protect them from or put them at risk for early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Population Research Center • 1997

Good Things Come in 3’s: Single-Parent Multigenerational Family Structure and Adolescent Adjustment
This study examines the effect of single parenthood on adolescent behaviours and finds that youth living with a single mother are more likely than other teens to drink, smoke, and initiate sexual activity.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies • October 2001

The Changing Effect of Family Background on the Incomes of American Adults
This paper looks at changes between 1961 and 1999 in the extent to which an individual’s income was affected by parental characteristics such as income, education, socio-economic status, ethnicity, geographic location, occupation, and marital status.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government • November 2003

Does a Mother’s Age and Marital Status at Birth Affect the Probability that Her Child Will Have a Juvenile Court Record?
This research paper found that a mother’s age and marital status were significantly related to the probability that her child will receive a juvenile court record.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Washington State Institute for Public Policy • February 1996

The Declining Significance of Marriage: Changing Family Life in the United States
This paper looks at the impact of divorce, nonmarital childbearing, and cohabitation on the living arrangements of children in the US.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison • 1995

Divorce in the 1990s
This article provides divorce rate statistics from 1970-1995, with particular attention paid to divorce rates in the 1990s.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Health Canada • Autumn 1997

The Role of Marriage in Youth Development
This paper discusses how the absence of parental marriage has a detrimental impact on youth's physical, psychological, and emotional health as well as their academic performance, rates of participation in risky behaviours, and economic well-being.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Institute for Youth Development • November 2003

Finding a Mate? The Marital and Cohabitation Histories of Unwed Mothers
This paper examines marital outcomes for unwed mothers.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Russell Sage Foundation • November 1999

Marriage or Partnering? Effects of Cohabitation and Family Structure Changes on Early Adolescent Well-Being
This paper investigates the effects of marriage, cohabitation and relationship stability on adolescents' cognitive, social, and emotional well-being.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• National Poverty Center • September 2003

Non-residential Fatherhood and Child Involvement: Evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study
This paper examines unwed fathers' paternity acknowledgement and involvement with their child at birth in the United Kingdom.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion • May 2005

Paternal Involvement among Unwed Fathers
This article examines the effects of relationship status, race/ethnicity, education, income, family structure, and father values on unwed father involvement during pregnancy and at birth.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Elsevier Science Ltd. • 2001

Seven Decades of Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States
This paper examines out-of-wedlock childbearing in the United States from 1920 to 1993 and provides data on patterns across time periods and across and within birth cohorts.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology • 2004

Why Not Just Live To g e t h e r ?
By examining Swedish and Canadian data, the author looks at the effects of cohabitation on future marriage and on children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center of the American Experiment • Summer 2001

Diversity Among Unmarried Parents: Human Capital, Attitudes, and Relationship Quality (The Importance of Marriage Expectations)
This paper examines differences between married and unmarried parents, as well as differences among unmarried couples, to determine what factors are important in predicting marriage potential.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Revised October 2002

Maternal Stress and Mothering Behaviors in Stable and Unstable Families
This paper examines the effect of family structure arrangements on maternal stress and parenting style.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Revised May 2004

Love and Distrust Among Unmarried Parents
This paper examines relationship quality among unmarried parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• National Poverty Center • September 4, 2003

Young Children’s Behavioral Problems in Married and Cohabiting Families
This paper examines child behavioural problems among children born to married and cohabiting couples.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • September 2004

Are Families Affordable? Tax, Benefits and the Family
This paper examines the tax and benefits system in Britain and concludes that it unfairly burdens two-parent families with children but is advantageous to single-parents and people without children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Centre for Policy Studies • July 1996

Welfare Reform and Family Conflict Among Low-Income, Never-Married Parents
This paper discusses the increased emphasis on marriage and close parent relationships in the United States, and the potentially harmful effect that this could have on never-married parents and their children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Center for Family Policy and Practice (formerly the Center on Fathers, Families, and Public Policy) • 2001

Institutional Arrangements and Life Course Outcomes: The Interrelations between Cohabitation, Marriage and First Birth in Germany and Sweden
This paper compares the connection between type of first union - cohabitation or marriage - and first childbirth in Germany and Sweden.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • June 2002

Children’s Experience of Family Disruption and Family Formation: Evidence from 16 FFS Countries
This paper examines children's experience of family breakup, formation, and re-formation in Europe and the United States.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • September 2001

Non-Marital Births in East Germany after Unification
This paper describes the dramatic differences in non-marital childbearing between East and West Germany both before and after unification.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • July 2001

Economic Resources and Single Motherhood: Incidence and Resolution of Premarital Childbearing among Young American Women
This paper examines the effect of economic resources on the likelihood of nonmarital childbearing and family formation outcomes after an out-of-wedlock birth.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • December 2000

The Impact of Union Formation Dynamics on First Births in West Germany and Italy: Are There Signs of Convergence?
This paper examines the changing relationship between union formation and the transition to parenthood in West Germany and Italy.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • October 2000

Cohabiting Unions in France and West Germany: Transitions to Birth and First Marriage
This paper examines the contribution of cohabitation to differences in nonmarital childbearing in France and West Germany.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • December 17, 2002

Births: Preliminary Data for 2003
This report provides data on births in the United States for 2003, with results categorized according to maternal age and ethnicity.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Vital Statistics System • November 23, 2004

Roles of Couple's Relationship Skills and Father's Employment in Encouraging Marriage
This paper looks at the factors which contribute to healthy marriages among low-income couples, who were unmarried when their child was born, but have since married.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Heritage Foundation • December 06, 2004

AbstractRe/Working Benefits: Continuation of Non-Cash Benefits Support for Single Mothers and Disabled Women
This study asked single mothers and women with disabilities about the importance of the non-cash benefits that they received while on welfare, such as childcare, housing, and transportation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Status of Women Canada, Policy Research Fund • February 01, 2003

"Time to Do the Chores?" Factoring Home-Production Needs into Measures of Poverty
This paper argues that families need not only sufficient income but also sufficient time to perform essential household tasks.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Institute for Research on Poverty • March 01, 1994

Divorce: Facts, Figures, and Consequences
This report answers common questions about divorce and discusses the impact of divorce on children and adults.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Vanier Institute of the Family • 2002

Economic Correlates of Nonmarital Childbearing Among Adult Women
This study found that adult women who give birth out of wedlock have a similar socio-economic status and rate of poverty and welfare dependency as do women who give birth as adolescents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Alan Guttmacher Institute • June 01, 1997

Profiles and Transitions of Groups at Risk: Lone Parents
This paper attempts to determine what differentiates lone parents who escape poverty from those who do not.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Human Resources Development Canada • November 01, 2002

Creating An Alternative to Welfare: First-Year Findings on the Implementation, Welfare Impacts, and Costs of the Self-Sufficiency Project
This report examines the effectiveness of the early stages of the Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP), and the impact the earnings supplement program has on welfare, low-wage work, and income assistance among single parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Human Resources Development Canada • December 01, 1995

The Effect of Changes in Maternal Employment and Family Composition on Children’s Behavior
This paper assesses whether changes in maternal employment and family composition, such as lone-parenthood and remarriage, are associated with the development of child behaviour, and uses information from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) from 1994 to 1998
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Human Resources Development Canada • May 01, 2002

Beyond the Two-Parent Family: How Teenagers Fare in Cohabiting Couple and Blended Families
This paper explores the relationship between teens' living arrangements and their behavioural outcomes.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Urban Institute • May 01, 2001

Shared Parenting in Fragile Families
This paper examines the effect of family structure and individual characteristics on mothers' and fathers' levels of interaction with their one-year-old children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • April 01, 2001

Australian Social Trends 1997: Famliy-Living Arrangements: One Parent Families
This paper discusses trends in single-parenthood and related issues such as employment, income, childcare, and government support.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • December 21, 2000

Hardship in Married and Cohabiting Parent Households: Do Cohabiting Couples Underinvest in Household Public Goods?
This study suggests that couples in cohabiting relationships experience greater economic hardship than those in married relationships due to the uncertainty about the duration of their.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • September 01, 2003

Effects of Family Structure on the Risk of First Premarital Birth in the Presence of Correlated Unmeasured Family Effects
This paper examines the effects of family structure on a woman's risk of a non-marital first birth.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Population Research Center • April 26, 2004

What do "I Do's" Do? Potential Benefits of Marriage for Cohabitating Couples With Children
By examining the differences in child well-being of children from married couple and cohabiting families, this paper explores the negative emotional and economic effects of cohabitation on children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Urban Institute • May 01, 2004

Poverty Among Children Born Outside of Marriage: Preliminary Findings from the National Survey of American Families
This paper provides evidence from American families that children born to unmarried mothers are significantly more likely to experience poverty than children born to married parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Urban Institute • December 01, 1999

“Just Get Me to the Church…”: Assessing Policies to Promote Marriage among Fragile Families
This paper assesses the effectiveness of several strategies designed to promote marriage among unwed parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • February 01, 2002

"Honey I'm Home." Changes in Living Arrangements in the Late 1990s
This study found that, in the late 1990s, there was a decline in the number of families led by single mothers and a rise in cohabitation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Urban Institute • June 01, 2001

Married and Unmarried Parenthood and Economic Well-Being: A Dynamic Analysis of a Recent Cohort
This paper examines the living standards, income, and financial stability of single-parent, cohabiting, and married couple families to determine the impact of family structure on economic well-being.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• U. S. Department of Health and Human Services • July 01, 2002

Children and Lone-Mother Families: An Investigation of Factors Influencing Child Well-Being
Using data of children ages 6 to 11, this paper analyzes the relationship between family characteristics (specifically lone-mother status) and child difficulties
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Human Resources Development Canada • October 01, 1998

Marriage From a Child’s Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children, and What Can We Do About It?
This paper examines trends in family structure and children's living arrangements, and looks at the impact of family structure on child outcomes.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Child Trends • June 01, 2002

The Determinants of Paternal Involvement among Unwed Fathers
This study looks at how unwed fathers' involvement in their familes' lives is affected by race, age, education, family structure, income, father values, and the status of their relationship with the mother.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • November 01, 2000

Is it Money or Marriage That Keeps People Alive?
This study examines the relative impact of marriage and income on longevity.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Warwick University Department of Economics • August 01, 2002

Perception Correction for Congress: New Study Indicates Poor Parents Want to Marry
In response to the "Fragile Families" Survey, which indicated that policies encouraging marriage were well-received among poor and unwed parents, this paper recommends that Members of Congress provide funding through the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Act in order to promote marriage.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder • October 01, 2001

How Do Marriage, Cohabitation, and Single Parenthood Affect the Material Hardships of Families with Children?
This paper examines the effect of marital status and family structure on the economic situations of families with children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• U. S. Department of Health and Human Services • July 01, 2002

Restoring a Culture of Marriage: Good News for Policymakers From the Fragile Families Survey
This article discusses the findings of the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Survey and emphasizes the importance of promoting marriage among unmarried parents.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Heritage Foundation • June 01, 2002

Effects of Child Health on Parents’ Relationship Status
This study suggests that unmarried parents' commitment to their relationship is likely to decline if they have a child with poor health, particularly in families with a lower socio-economic status.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • December 01, 2003

Growing up With Mom and Dad? The Intricate Family Life Courses of Canadian Children
This paper looks at the changing compositions and structures of Canadian families and examines the rise in cohabiting, single-parent, and blended households.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Statistics Canada • July 01, 1998

One in Four: America's Youngest Poor
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of children living in poverty in the United States and suggests ways to deal with this growing problem.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The National Center for Children in Poverty • January 01, 1996

An Exploratory Analysis of Father Involvement in Low-Income Families
This study profiles low-income, non-resident fathers, and provides information about their level of involvement with their families.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • February 01, 2003

Fathers' Perceptions of Paternal Roles: Variations by Marital Status and Living Arrangement
This study asked fathers what they perceived to be their most important parental role: financial support, direct care, love and affection, protection, discipline, or teaching life lessons.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • October 01, 2003

Lone-Father Families in Canada 1971-1996
This paper explores the nature of lone-father families, specifically with regard to the effects of single-parenting on employment, income and poverty.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Population Studies Centre University of Western Ontario • June 09, 1999

What Influences Young Canadians to Pursue Post-Secondary Studies?
This paper discusses post-secondary education enrolment and the factors that affect enrolment, such ...
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Human Resources Development Canada • November 01, 2002

Low Income, Labour Force Participation and Women in Housing Need, 1991
Using data from 1991 housing cost surveys, this paper discusses core housing need and demonstrates its connection to low household income and lack of workforce participation.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Depository Services Program • 1991

The Age of Unwed Mothers: Is Teen Pregnancy the Problem?
In this paper the author argues that the growing problem of unmarried motherhood is the result of increased childbearing among unwed women in their twenties.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Institute for American Values • 1999

Impacts of Marital Status and Parental Presence on the Material Hardship of Families with Children
This paper looks at how marriage, cohabitation, and single parenthood affect family incomes and living standards of children.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• U. S. Department of Health and Human Services • July 01, 2002

Cohabitation and Divorce Across Nations and Generations
This paper assesses the extent to which parental separation or divorce during childhood affects adulthood relational outcomes.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion • March 01, 2003

Should We Get Married in the Morning? A Profile of Cohabiting Couples with Children
Using data from the National Survey of America's Families, this paper explores the characteristics of cohabiting couples and the impact that this type of relationship has on child well-being.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Urban Institute • March 01, 2004

Family Characteristics and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Black Men in the United States
This study demonstrates that family structure, particularly maternal employment and parental marital status, affects the sexual behaviours of black adolescent and adult males.
• Category: Family Structure > Parental Marital Status
• The Alan Guttmacher Institute • October 01, 2002

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