Lone Mothers and Work
This paper studies the employment rates of lone mothers in the UK as well as the factors influencing these statistics.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • May 1996

Single Lone Mothers
This paper discusses the nature, experiences, and outcomes of lone motherhood.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • October 01, 1995

Lone Mothers, Employment, and Well-Being
This paper examines the causes of economic and material hardship for lone mothers in the UK.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • September 01, 1997

The Impact of Mothers' Employment on Family Relationships
This paper looks at couples' perceptions of the impact maternal employment has on their relationship with each other and with their children.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Joseph Rowntree Foundation • July 01, 2003

Combining Self-Employment and Family Life
This paper discusses the work-family balance of self-employed parents, and examines their working arrangements, use of childcare, and factors influencing their employment choices.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • June 01, 2003

The Effect of Parent's Employment on Outcomes for Children
This paper studies parental employment, and the impact it has on children due to the resulting decrease in parental time.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • March 01, 2001

The Characteristics of Mothers Separated from a Young Child
This paper investigates the determinants of maternal absence by examining the characteristics and life situations of mothers who live separately from a young child.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Joint Center for Poverty Research • April 29, 1999

Gender Inequality in Poverty in Affluent Nations: The Role of Single Motherhood and the State
This paper discusses gender differences in poverty in the United States, Australia, Canada, France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Joint Center for Poverty Research • January 05, 2000

Maternal Work Behavior Under Welfare Reform: How Does the Transition From Welfare to Work Affect Child Development?
This paper examines the impact that the transitions from welfare to work have on parenting style and child behavior.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Joint Center for Poverty Research • May 2002

The Impact of Disabilities on Mothers’ Work Participation: Examining Differences Between Single and Married Mothers
This paper investigates the ways in which maternal employment is affected by having a disability or by having a child with a disability.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Women's Policy Research • February 01, 2004

Women’s Work Supports, Job Retention, and Job Mobility: Child Care and Employer-Provided Health Insurance Help Women Stay on Jobs
This study examines factors that affect the rate of job turnover among low-income working women.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Women's Policy Research • November 2004

Women and the Economy: Recent Trends in Job Loss, Labor Force Participation, and Wages
This report provides statistical information pertaining to recent trends in women's economic status and labour force participation.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Women's Policy Research • October 2004

Mother's Employment and the Use of Childcare in the United Kingdom
This paper investigates current childcare policies in the United Kingdom and explores the relationship between childcare and maternal employment.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Institute for Fiscal Studies • October 01, 2001

Low-Wage Maternal Employment and Outcomes for Children: A Study
This article reveals the results of national study to determine how children are affected by policies which put mothers who are on welfare into the workforce.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Future of Children • Spring 1997

Links Between Early Childhood Programs and Maternal Employment in Three Countries
This article compares government policies on the provision of child care and family supports in the United States, Sweden and the Netherlands.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Future of Children • Winter 1995

Financial Impact of Divorce on Children and their Families
This article looks at the economic impact of divorce on families and finds that most women and children have to deal with considerable financial declines post- divorce.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Future of Children • Spring 1994

Making fathers “count”
The study examines the evolving role of Canadian fathers against a backdrop of economic, social and marital changes.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • June 8, 2011

Why has the gender wage gap narrowed?
The article examines factors that are narrowing the wage gap between the genders in the labour market.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • Spring 2011

Marriage and Economic Well Being: The Economy of the Family Rises or Falls with Marriage
The study ties the continuance of marriage to improved economic circumstances including more wealth and less poverty for families, children, and society.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Family Research Council • May 2011

Do parental benefits influence fertility decisions?
This report looks at the role government granted benefits have in a couple's decision to have children in Canada.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • October 27, 2009

Family Structure and the Economic Mobility of Children
This report looks at the economic ability of adults to surpass the earnings of their parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Economic Mobility Project, Pew Charitable Trust • April 2010

Employer Supports for Parents with Young Children
This paper looks at the ways in which employers have responded to increasing maternal employment by introducing programs and policies to help parents with young children balance work and family.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Future of Children • 2001

It’s About Time: Towards a Parental Leave Policy that Gives New Zealand Families Real Choice
This report from the New Zealand Families Commission argues for the continued development of parental leave policies and options, concluding by recommending the implementation of a three phase plan by 2015.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Families Commission • August 2007

The Self-Sufficiency Project at 36 Months: Effects on Children of a Program that Increased Parental Employment and Income
This paper reports the effects of a welfare-to-work program for the participants' children including effects on their income, ...
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Social Research and Demonstration Corporation • June 01, 2000

Moms and Jobs: Trends in Mothers' Employment and Which Mothers Stay Home: A Fact Sheet from Council on Contemporary Families
This report examines the labour patterns of mothers from low-income, middle-income and high-income marriages.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Council on Contemporary Families • May 10, 2007

The Labour Force Participation of Married Mothers: A Tale of International Catchup
This paper examines the different rates of employment for married mothers in Britain and Spain.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• York University • April 01, 2003

Trends in Women’s Labour Force Participation in Australia: 1984-2002
This paper analyses the dynamics of women's labour force participation in Australia in the 1980s and 1990s.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research • September 2004

Gender and Work Hours Transitions in Australia: Drop Ceilings and Trap-Door Floors
This paper analyses the challenges faced by employees, particularly women with children, in transition from full-time to part-time employment, and vice versa.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research • July 2004

Single Mothers, Social Capital, and Work-Family Conflict
This study analyses the extent to which single mothers' access to social capital affects their reports of work-family conflict.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • September 2004

Do Mandatory Welfare-to-Work Programs Affect the Well-Being of Children? A Synthesis of Child Research Conducted as Part of the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies
This report examines the two-year effects of federally mandated welfare-to-work programs on the children of single mothers who returned to the labour force.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• MDRC • June 2000

Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Early Parental Employment on Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
This study looked at the impact of early parental employment, particularly maternal employment, on children's developmental outcomes and found that the effects were quite small.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• American Psychological Association • March 01, 1999

Public Attitudes Toward Low-Income Families and Children: Circumstances Dictate Public Views of Government Assistance
This report discusses recent research about public attitudes toward low-income families.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Center for Children in Poverty • October 2003

Mothers’ Labor Supply in Fragile Families: The Role of Child Health
This paper examines the extent to which unwed mothers' ability to work is affected by poor child health.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • December 01, 2003

Canadian Attitudes on the Family
This survey asked a broad range of questions dealing with all aspects of the attitudes of Canadians toward marital and family satisfaction, work/family balance, taxation, family size, the impacts of cohabitation, divorce, same-sex marriage, parenting and the impact of children on marital satisfaction, and the significance of religion.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Focus on the Family (Canada) • June 01, 2002

The Effects of Family Characteristics and Time Use on Teenage Girls' and Boys' Household Labor
This paper looks at gender differences in teenagers' contributions to household chores, and examines how this inequality grows throughout the high school grades.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • 1998

Women in Canada: Work Chapter Updates
This report gives an overview of women's participation in the Canadian workforce in 2007.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada, Social and Aboriginal Statistics Division • April 20, 2007

Earnings of women with and without children
This study explores factors influencing the ‘motherhood earnings gap’ using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada, Income Statistics Division • March 2009

Breakthrough Britain: Serious Personal Debt
This 2007 British State of the Nation report offers policy alternatives to change the culture of Britain with respect to peronal debt.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Centre for Social Justice • July 2007

Work/Family Balance: What Do We Really Know?
This paper reviews research on the nature, scope and implications of work/family conflict and endeavours to (1) explain the fundamental causes of the work/family conflict, (2) demonstrate the impacts of this imbalance on families and organizations, (3) discuss the challenges families face, and (4) present possible strategies to improve the situation.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Vanier Institute of the Family • January 15, 2009

Maternal Employment, Family Processes, and Early Adjustment for Children Living in Poverty
This paper explores the effect of maternal employment on young children's development in low-income families.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Joint Center for Poverty Research • December 2003

Child Care and the Labour Supply
This paper challenges the claim that easily available, government funded child care increases labour participation among women.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Centre for Independent Studies • July 27, 2008

Baby Steps Toward Self-funded Parental Leave
The author argues that Australia should move towards a self-funded parental leave system.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Centre for Independent Studies • September 18, 2008

Life after Teenage Motherhood
This study examines the personal and long-term socioeconomic characteristics of mothers ages 30 to 39, comparing women who gave birth as teens to women who gave birth as adults.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • May 2008

The Demographic Foundations of Rising Employment and Earnings Among Single Mothers in Canada and the United States, 1980 to 2000
This study reports that employment and earnings of single mothers in Canada and the United States have increased since 1980.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada, Business and Labour Market Analysis Division • March 2008

How Do Families and Unattached Individuals Respond to Layoffs? Evidence from Canada
Utilizing longitudinal data this study found that in families with no children of working age where a husband is laid off, wives increase their labour supply, offsetting lost income by one fifth.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada, Business and Labour Market Analysis Division • February 2008

How Effective are Child Care Subsidies in Reducing a Barrier to Work?
This paper discusses the costs of child care and looks at whether or not subsidies are effective for promoting employment among married and single mothers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling • May 01, 1996

Fatherhood in the Twenty-first Century
This essay discusses how current cultural trends affecting fatherhood will continue to influence future child rearing.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Society for Research in Child Development • January/February 2000

Families, Fertility, and Maternity Leave
This paper explores the causes of decreasing fertility and marriage rates and makes suggestions as to the development of public policy to address these concerns.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Centre for Independent Studies • September 16, 2002

Abstract
This study examined stay-at-home fathers and their integration of work and family.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Mens Studies Press • September 22, 2004

Predictors of Paternal Involvement in Childcare in Dual-Earner Families With Young Children
This study examined fathers in dual-earner households to determine the percentage of time fathers spend as their child's primary caregiver.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Mens Studies Press • January 1, 2006

Population Policy Dilemmas in Europe at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century
This paper discusses some of the political and social problems Europe faces as a result of declining birthrates.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Population Council • March 2003

Returning to the job after childbirth
This study reports an increase in long term post-birth employment over the last two decades.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada, Business and Labour Market Analysis Division • December 2007

The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness
In this paper the authors observe that the well-being of women in the United States has improved over the past 35 years, but the measures of subjective well-being demonstrates that women’s happiness has declined, especially compared to men.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania • September 17, 2007

Navigating Family Transitions: Evidence from the General Social Survey 2006
This paper explores life transitions that are common to Canadian families including the birth or adoption of a child, maternal/paternal leave, common-law marriage dissolution, traditional marriage dissolution and families' use of support services during these times of transition.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • June 13, 2007

Study: Maternal Employment, Breastfeeding and Health
This study found that an increase in maternity leave entitlement which came into effect in 2000 for most Canadian provinces caused more women to meet breastfeeding targets recommended by the World Health Organization and Health Canada.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • June 19, 2007

The Well-Being of Single-Mother Families After Welfare Reform
This report examines the impact welfare changes had on single mothers in the United States.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Brookings Institution • August 2005

Do Children from Welfare Families Obtain Less Education?
This paper presents evidence that children whose parents rely on welfare have significantly lower levels of educational attainment as adults.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Research on Poverty • December 01, 2000

California's Young Children: Demographic, Social, and Economic Conditions
This paper examines the welfare of California's children and assesses the social, economic, and family factors which are having an impact on their well-being.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Public Policy Institute of California • November 01, 2002

Education and the Transition to Motherhood: a Comparative Analysis of Western Europe
This paper examines the effect of education on women's transition to motherhood in various European countries.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Vienna Institute of Demography • 2004

No-Fault Divorce in Canada: Its Cause and Effect
This paper provides a good summary and analysis of no-fault divorce legislation in Canada.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Elsevier Science • 1998

Income Instability of Lone Parents Singles and Two-Parent Families in Canada, 1984 to 2004
Using Canadian tax data, this study demonstrates that there has been no widespread increase in earning instability among lone parents and unattached people over the previous two decades.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • March 2007

The OECD and the Reconciliation Agenda: Competing Blueprints
This paper examines different policies recommended by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to meet the economic needs of 'post-maternalist' states.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute of Political Economy, Carlton University • July 2005

Work-life Balance
This fact sheet provides statistical information about how working families in Great Britain balance work and family life.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Family and Parenting Institute • November 2006

Quantity Time: Do Children Want More Time with Their Full-Time Employed Parents?
This paper assesses children's perception of the amount of time spent with working parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Working Families • April 01, 2002

Single motherhood and mental health: implications for primary prevention
This paper provides an extensive survey of research done on the health of single mothers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Canadian Medical Association • March 01, 1997

The Wage Penalty for Motherhood
This article looks at the impact of motherhood on women's income.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• American Sociological Review • April 01, 2001

Ideologies of Motherhood and Experiences of Work: Pregnant Women in Management and Professional Careers
This study of pregnant career women in management explores the way in which the level of supportiveness in their workplace environment affects their beliefs about their ability to balance their identities as worker and mother during and after pregnancy.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Working Families • May 01, 2002

Conscious Decisions, Unconscious Paths: Pregnancy and the Importance of Work for Women in Management
This paper examined the relative importance of work and family for pregnant women in management positions.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Working Families • April 01, 2001

The Effect of Changes in Maternal Employment and Family Structure on Child Behaviour
This paper explores the effect that changes in maternal employment and family structure have on children’s behavioural development.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources and Social Development Canada • May 01, 2002

Converging Gender Roles
This paper reports that men and women are increasingly sharing economic and domestic responsibilities within the Canadian Family.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • July 2006

Canadians Make Choices on Childcare
This survey of 2,012 Canadians conducted in May 2005 finds that ordinary Canadians prefer childcare provided by parents to day care provided by other caregivers; Canadians prefer day care offered by relatives to non-profit day care centres, and when given a choice, Canadians prefer both these systems to either subsidizing day care centres or a national care system.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute of Marriage and Family Canada • Spring 2006

What Childcare Crisis? Irish Mothers Entering the Labour Force
The results of this Irish study suggest that the link between maternal employment and the availability of formal child care is not as significant as many people suggest.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Employment Research Center • May 10, 2001

Australian Social Trends 1995: Family - Living Arrangements: Children in Families
This article briefly examines Australian statistics on various issues pertaining to children and the family, including child abuse, parental employment, family structure, childcare, and family income.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • January 25, 2001

Australian Social Trends: Family and Community - Family Functioning: Balancing family and Work
This document looks at trends in parental employment and the issue of work-family balance.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • June 03, 2003

Effects of Nonmaternal Child Care on Inequality in Cognitive Skills
This paper suggests that increased non-maternal care for low-income children may result in increased inequalities in cognitive development because the quality of care they receive is inferior to that received by children with higher income parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Research on Poverty • March 01, 1999

Is it Worth Working Now? Financial Incentives for Working Mothers Under Australia's New Tax System
This paper examines the effect that the new tax system (introduced in Australia in 2000) has on incentives to work for mothers of various incomes, family types, and family sizes.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling • July 09, 2003

A New Generation of Canadian Families Raising Young Children: A New Look at Data from National Surveys
This paper provides data and research relating to parenting and child development, such as maternal age and education, single and dual income families, employment, parental separation, marriage, infant mortality, child care, and child behaviour/outcomes.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources Development Canada, Healthy Child Manitoba: Putting Children and Families First • September 01, 2003

National Data Sets: Sources of Information for Canadian Child Care Data
This paper offers descriptions of Canadian national survey data sets that could be useful in examining issues related to child care use in Canada.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Health Analysis and Measurement Group, Statistics Canada • June 2006

Low-fee ($5/child) Regulated Childcare Policy and the Labor Supply of Mothers with Young children: A Natural Experiment from Canada
This paper evaluates the effect of Quebec’s low-fee regulated childcare policy from 1997-2002 on the labour supply behaviour of mothers with children ages 0-5.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations • March 2005

A Profile of the Childcare Services Industry
This report exmaines the childcare services industry in Canada.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • September 2002

Maternal Employment, Migration, and Child Development
This article evaluates the roles and relationships between parental and school influences on child development.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill • November 2003

The Implicit Costs and Benefits of Family Friendly Work Practices
This study of family-friendly workplace practices finds that, while beneficial to workers, such practices are very costly for employers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • May 2005

Employment Patterns of Husbands and Wives and Family Income Distribution in Italy (1977-1998)
This paper examines changes in the employment patterns of Italian husbands and wives in families in which both spouses are present and of a working age, and assesses the impact of these changes on the distribution of household income.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • April 2002

The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies in Denmark and Sweden on Mothers’ Career Interruptions Due to Childbirth
This paper examines the role of maternal benefits, publicly provided child care, availability of paternal leave, and economic necessity in influencing Danish and Swedish mothers' decision about when or if to return to work after having a child.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • March 2004

Does Parental Leave Affect Fertility and Return-to-Work? Evidence from a "True Natural Experiment"
This paper examines fertility and the effects of a 1990 public policy change in Austria that extended the maximum parental leave from one year to two years and allowed leave to be automatically renewed if a second child was born.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • May 2005

Differences in Desired and Actual Fertility: An Economic Analysis of the Spanish Case
This paper examines economic factors which both hinder and encourage childbearing among women in Spain.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labour • May 2005

Children and Career Interruptions: The Family Gap in Denmark
This paper examines the effects of childbearing and career interruptions on women's earnings potential in Denmark.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • February 2001

The Effect of a Large Expansion of Pre-primary School Facilities on Preschool Attendance and Maternal Employment
This paper explores the outcomes of a large expansion of preschool facilities in Argentina.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Institute for Fiscal Studies • August 2005

My Children Come First: Welfare-Reliant Women's Post-TANF Views of Work-Family Trade-offs and Marriage
This paper explores women's perceptions of the welfare to work transition and the resulting work-family trade-offs, in the context of welfare reform in the United States.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• MDRC • December 2001

National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies: How Effective Are Different Welfare-to-Work Approaches? Five-Year Adult and Child Impacts for Eleven Programs
This comprehensive report summarizes the long-term outcomes of 11 American welfare-to-work initiatives for former welfare recipients and their children.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Education • December 2001

Welfare Policies Matter for Children and Youth: Lessons for TANF Reauthorization
This policy brief discusses the effects of welfare and employment policies on children and adolescents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• MDRC • March 2002

How Welfare and Work Policies for Parents Affect Adolescents: A Synthesis of Research
This report reviews existing research relating to the effects of welfare to work initiatives for low-income mothers on their adolescent children.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• MDRC • May 2002

The Effects of Welfare and Employment Programs on Children's Participation in Head Start
This paper examines the effect of 10 different welfare to employment programs on single mothers' enrollment of their preschool-aged children in the Head Start program.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• MDRC • June 2002

How Did the 2001 Recession Affect Single Mothers?
This paper examines the effects of the 2001 economic recession on the labour force participation and wage growth of single mothers in the United States.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • January 2005

The Changing Culture of Parenting
In this paper the author argues that profound cultural shifts have significantly altered the ways in which Canadians parent their children.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Vanier Institute of the Family • May 2004

Staying Employed: Trends in Medicaid, Child Care, and Head Start in Ohio
This paper reviews both expansions and cutbacks in state child and health care in Ohio and discusses the potential benefits of these programs for low-income working parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Women's Policy Research • November 2004

Childcare, Mothers’ Work, and Earnings: Findings from the Urban Slums of Guatemala City
This study examines the effect of child care availability and cost on the employment decisions and earnings of women in the slums of Guatemala City.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Population Council • 2002

Family-Friendly Work Practices: Differences Within and Between Workplaces
This report examines differences in access to family-friendly work practices both between and within workplaces.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Institute of Family Studies • 2002

Determinants of Australian Mothers' Employment: An Analysis of Lone and Couple Mothers
This paper examines potential reasons for lower rates of employment among lone mothers than among married mothers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Institute of Family Studies • May 2002

Family Change and Community Life: Exploring the Links
This paper explores the connection between changes in family life, such as increasing divorce, maternal employment, and lone parenting, as well as decreasing social capital in communities.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Institute of Family Studies • April 2003

How Welfare and Work Policies Affect Children: A Synthesis of Research
This document gives a detailed explanation and analyses of the effects welfare to work policies have on child well-being.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation • March 2001

What if Welfare Had No Work Requirements? The Age of Youngest Child Exemption and the Rise in Employment of Single Mothers
This paper examines the extent to which the 1996 American welfare reforms were successful in bringing about large increases in the number of single mothers who were employed.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Federal Reserve Board • August 2003

Subsidizing Child Care for Low-Income Families: A Good Bargain for Canadian Governments?
This paper examines the effects child care has on the employment and income of lone-mothers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Research on Public Policy • May 01, 1998

Child Care Expenses of America's Families
This paper examines child care expenses for working families and briefly outlines the impact of high cost daycare on parental employment, family time, economic stability, and quality of child care.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • December 01, 2000

The High Cost of Child Care puts Quality Care out of Reach for Many Families
This paper studies the economics of child care and how the cost of such care can limit the productivity of low-income workers as well as the development of their children.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Children's Defense Fund • 2000

Child Care Subsidies, Wages, and Employment of Single Mothers
This paper examines the effects of child care subsidies and wage rates on the employment decisions and outcomes of single mothers in the United States.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • June 01, 2002

Maternal Employment and Overweight Children
This paper documents the rise in both maternal employment and childhood obesity in recent decades, and investigates the possible relationship between the two.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Joint Center for Poverty Research • January 2002

Parental Work, Child-Care Use and Young Children's Cognitive Outcomes
This paper researches the effects of parental employment and the use of child-care programs on a child's cognitive development.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • October 01, 2003

Does it Pay to Move from Welfare to Work?
This study of single mothers in the United States found that women who left welfare for work, or who combined both welfare and work, were financially better off than those who relied solely on welfare.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Population Studies Center • Revised April 2000

Welfare Reform and Lone Mothers' Employment in the U.S.
This paper discusses various welfare projects and initiatives, including public childcare programs and subsidies, and looks at the impact of the American welfare reform on lone mothers' employment.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Population Studies Center • June 2002

Breastfeeding and Postpartum Employment: Are There Conflicts for American Women?
This paper discusses the conflict faced by some mothers between desiring to breastfeed their infants, and desiring, or needing, to work while their children are very young.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Population Research Center • Revised May 1994

Labor Market Performance and the Timing of Births: A Comparative Analysis across European Countries
This study of fertility rates in European countries demonstrates that countries with maternity leave, lower rates of unemployment, and a stronger economy have higher rates of second births than countries with high rates of unemployment and few or no maternity benefits.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Population Research Center • 2003

Work and Family Life: Reciprocal Effects
Using data from the Australian Family Life Course Study, this paper investigates the balance between employment and family, and looks at the impact that each has on the other.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Institute of Family Studies • Autumn 1999

Impacts of a Mandatory Welfare-to-Work Program on Children at School Entry and Beyond: Findings from the NEWWS Child Outcomes Study
This study of the effects of welfare-to-work programs on children demonstrates that such initiatives may have both negative and positive impacts.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • February 06, 2004

Profile of Preschool Children's Child Care and Early Education Program Participation
This paper examines children's rates of overall participation in non-parental care including the average hours of weekly use, the various types of early education programs, and the impact of maternal employment on the utilization of these programs.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Center for Education Statitistics • February 1993

The Hours That Children Under Five Spend in Child Care: Variations Across States
This article examines the number of hours American pre-school aged children spend in child care each year due to maternal employment.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • March 2000

Who's Minding the Kids? Child Care Arrangements: Spring 1997
This paper examines the use of child care in the United States, including the type of care used, the number of hours spent in care, and the cost of care.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• US Census Bureau • July 2002

Maternal Employment and Adolescent Risky Behavior
This paper seeks to determine a correlation between a working mother and the influence this might have on her child engaging in risky activities such as sex, smoking cigarettes and marijuana, and drinking alcohol.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics • February 2003

Children and the Changing Labour Market: Joblessness in Families With Dependent Children
This report studies the extent to which unemployment has impacted Australian families with dependent children, and looks at differences in work distribution between genders and family structures.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Centre for Economic Policy Research • August 1999

Abstract
This paper reviews previous research on the impact of childrearing on maternal employment and income.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Centre for Economic Policy Research • August 1999

Mental Health Problems Among Single Mothers: Implications for Work and Welfare Reform
This paper discusses the mental health problems of single mothers and examines how these problems act as barriers to employment and self-sufficiency.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy • December 2000

Gender, Employment, and Housework
This paper compares the employment status of, and the division of household labour, amongst married couples in Japan and the US.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison • 1996

The Use of Grandparents as Child Care Providers
This paper examines the effect of family ties, maternal preferences, and family geographic proximity on a mother's decision to use grandparents as primary childcare providers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison • 1999

Effects of Wives’ Employment on Marital Quality
This paper investigates the effects of women’s employment on marital quality, and examines the degree to which the division of household labour and a wife’s work preferences and characteristics influence marital satisfaction.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison • October 2000

The Characteristics of Families Remaining on Welfare
This paper studies the characteristics of women who remain on welfare, and compares them to those of ex-welfare recipients in terms of employment status, income, education, health, and experiences of domestic violence.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Johns Hopkins University • February 2002

Labour Supply Estimates for Married Women in Australia
This paper describes the characteristics of married women in Australia and examines the influence of wage rates and benefit receipt on their decisions about whether and how much to work.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research • March 2000

Family Structure, Usual and Preferred Working Hours, and Egalitarianism in Australia
This paper compares the preferred and actual working hours of individuals in Australia by family type and analyses the work hours of men and women in dual-earner couples.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research • February 2004

Demands for Childcare and Household Labour Supply in Australia
This paper analyses the demand for formal and informal child care in Australia, assesses the costs of child care, and examines the effects of increasing child care costs on the labour market participation of single and married mothers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research • April 2004

Parental Divorce in Australia, Cohorts Born 1900-1975
This paper examines the probability and causes of parental divorce in Australia.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research • September 2004

Child Expenditure: The Role of Working Mothers, Lone Parents, Sibling Composition and Household Provision
This paper examines school-aged children's access to spending money and expenditure patterns in Britain.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • November 2001

Extending Health Care Coverage to the Low-Income Population: The Influence of the Wisconsin BadgerCare Program on Labor Market Outcomes
This paper examines the effects of expanded eligibility for public health care insurance on the employment and earnings of low-income single mothers in Wisconsin.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • March 2005

Single Mothers Working at Night: Standard Work, Child Care Subsidies, and Implications for Welfare Reform
This paper examines the effects of child care subsidies on the standard work decisions of welfare-reliant and non-welfare-reliant single mothers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • February 2004

Child Care Subsidy Receipt, Employment, and Child Care Choices of Single Mothers
This paper examines the effects of child care subsidy receipt on single mothers' decisions concerning employment and child care in the United States after welfare reform.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • April 2004

The Effect of Child Care and Part Time Opportunities on Participation and Fertility Decisions in Italy
This paper investigates possible explanations for low levels of fertility and female labour force attachment in Italy.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for the Study of Labor • February 2002

The Availability of Child Care Centers in China and its Impact on Child Care and Maternal Work Decisions
This study provides evidence that maternal employment and nonparental child care utilization in urban China are significantly affected by the availability of centre-based child care.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• RAND Labor and Population Program • December 2002

Women, Work, and Motherhood: Changing Employment Penalties for Motherhood in West Germany after 1945 – A Comparative Analysis of Cohorts Born in 1934-1971
This paper examines the short-term economic and employment consequences of motherhood for women in West Germany over time.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • February 2003

Housing Costs and the Geography of Family Migration Outcomes
This paper explores the economic returns of family migration or relocation by examining the differences in housing costs between the original and destination locations.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology • 2004

Mothers’ Labor Supply in Fragile Families: The Role of Child Health
This paper examines the effects of poor child health on the employment of unwed mothers after welfare reform in the United States.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Poverty Center • May 2004

Poverty and Economic Polarization among America's Minority and Immigrant Children
This paper examines changes in child poverty and economic inequality among racial minorities and immigrants in the 1990s.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Poverty Center • May 18, 2005

The Mommy Track Divides: The Impact of Childbearing on Wages of Women of Differing Skill Levels
This paper examines differences in the earnings and career consequences of motherhood for women by skill level and timing of birth.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Russell Sage Foundation • March 2004

Single Mothers' Employment Dynamics and Adolescent Well-Being
This paper examines the relationship between single mothers' employment patterns and the well-being of their adolescent children.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Poverty Center • June 8, 2004

Public Perceptions of Work-Life Balance
This paper reveals Canadians' perceived balance between life activities based on interviews with ...
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Women’s Executive Network (WXN) • July 2003

The Material Well-Being of Single Mother Households in the 1980s and 1990s: What Can We Learn from Food Spending?
This paper challenges the argument that rising food expenditures by single mothers is indicative of an increase in their material well-being during the 1990s.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Poverty Center • January 2005

Welfare Work Requirements and Child Well-Being: Evidence From the Effects on Breastfeeding
This paper argues that welfare reforms in the United States may be harming children because welfare-reliant mothers, who are now required to work, may face challenges to breastfeeding their infants.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Poverty Center • May 2003

Parental Leave Policies: An Essential Ingredient in Early Childhood Education and Care Policies
This report compares parental leave policies in the United States to those in Europe and argues that more should be done in the United States to assist families and support mothers in the workforce.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Society for Research in Child Development • 2000

Stability and Change in Child Care and Employment: Evidence from Three States
This paper examines the relationship between child care instability and employment instability among women who are moving from welfare to work.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• MDRC • 2005

Reconciling Motherhood and Work: Evidence from Time Use Data in Three Countries
This paper examines mothers' division of time between child care and employment in Germany, Sweden, and Italy.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance • February 2004

Non-Marital Births in East Germany after Unification
This paper describes the dramatic differences in non-marital childbearing between East and West Germany both before and after unification.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • July 2001

Continuity and Stability: Dynamics of Child Care Subsidy Use in Oregon
This report discusses the results of a recent study on child care subsidies in Oregon.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Center for Children in Poverty • August 2002

What has the Feminisation of the Labour Market ‘Bought’ Women in South Africa? Trends in Labour Force Participation, Employment and Earnings, 1995-2001
This paper examines what, if any, benefits South African women have gained in terms of access to different types of employment and improved wages from 1995 to 2001.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Development Policy Research Unit • March 2004

The Role of Education and Fertility in the Participation and Employment of African Women in South Africa
This paper examines the relationship between education, employment, and childbearing among African women in South Africa.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Development Policy Research Unit • September 2001

Childcare and Fertility in (Western) Germany
This paper examines the effects of child care availability and cost on women's fertility decisions in western Germany in the 1980s and 1990s.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • July 2001

Educational Attainment and First Births: East Germany Before and After Unification
This paper demonstrates that the delaying effects of high educational attainment on childbearing are less pronounced in East Germany than in West Germany, both before and after unification.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • December 2000

Does the Availability of Childcare Influence the Employment of Mothers? Findings from Western Germany
This study of the German child care system argues that the availability of care is a more important consideration than the cost of care in determining maternal employment.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • March 2000

Fertility and Family Policy in Norway: A Reflection on Trends and Possible Connections
This study examines the effectiveness of generous family policies for promoting childbearing in Norway.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • June 08, 2004

Employment After Childbearing: A Comparative Study of Italy and Norway
This comparative study of Norway and Italy examines factors which facilitate and hinder maternal employment.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • December 2004

Employment, Family Union, and Childbearing Decisions in Great Britain
This paper explores the interrelationship of work and family for men and women in Britain.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • July 2003

Women’s Labor Force Attachment and Childbearing in Finland
This paper examines the effects of women's labour force activity, income, and utilization of child home care allowance on their likelihood of having a first or second child.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research • January 2004 (Revised March 2004)

Indicators of Child, Family, and Community Connections
This chartbook uses existing data to present information relating to the social contexts of families and includes indicators relating to family structure, family functioning, work and child care, school involvement, civic engagement, religious committment, and social connections.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • September 13, 2004

Working Time and the Future of Work in Canada: A Nova Scotia GPI Case Study
This book explores the effect that hours of employment and increasing work hours have on health, family life, job performance, stress levels, children's welfare, and occurrence of substance abuse problems.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• GPI Atlantic • April 01, 2004

"Time to Do the Chores?" Factoring Home-Production Needs into Measures of Poverty
This paper argues that families need not only sufficient income but also sufficient time to perform essential household tasks.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Research on Poverty • March 01, 1994

Employers, Lone Parents and the Work-Life Balance
This document presents the results of an in-depth study on trends in lone-parent employment.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Centre for Social Research • December 01, 2000

Capabilities and Employability of Unwed Mothers
This paper examines economic hardship and barriers to employment among cohabiting and non-cohabiting unwed mothers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • January 01, 2001

Profiles and Transitions of Groups at Risk: Lone Parents
This paper attempts to determine what differentiates lone parents who escape poverty from those who do not.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources Development Canada • November 01, 2002

Creating An Alternative to Welfare: First-Year Findings on the Implementation, Welfare Impacts, and Costs of the Self-Sufficiency Project
This report examines the effectiveness of the early stages of the Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP), and the impact the earnings supplement program has on welfare, low-wage work, and income assistance among single parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources Development Canada • December 01, 1995

The Effect of Changes in Maternal Employment and Family Composition on Children’s Behavior
This paper assesses whether changes in maternal employment and family composition, such as lone-parenthood and remarriage, are associated with the development of child behaviour, and uses information from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) from 1994 to 1998
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources Development Canada • May 01, 2002

Labor Market Transitions of Young Women over the Early Life Course: A Multistate Life Table Analysis
This paper examines the patterns of employment and unemployment among black and white women aged 16 to 34.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Research on Poverty • March 01, 1995

The Impact of Parental Leave on Maternal Return to Work after Childbirth in the United States
This paper investigates the association between unpaid parental leave and maternal return to work within the next two years.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development • 2003

HomeLess America: What the Disappearance of the American Homemaker Really Means
In this paper the author argues that increasing maternal employment and the resulting decline in the occupation of homemaker has meant that many children are not being adequately cared for in the home.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society • January 01, 2003

“The Next One Changes Everything”: Parental Adjustment to the Second Child Among Middle-Class American Families
This report highlights the findings of an ongoing study on parental adjustment to the birth of a second child.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Center for the Ethnography of Everyday Life • August 10, 2000

Differences in Labour Force Participation Earnings and Welfare Participation Among Canadian Lone Mothers: A Longitudinal Data Analysis
This paper analyzes the labour force and welfare participation of Canadian lone mothers by examining data from income tax files between 1982 and 1997.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources Development Canada • October 01, 2001

Exiting Welfare in the 1990s: Did Public Policy Influence Recipients’ Behavior?
This paper explores factors that contributed to the move of many women off the welfare rolls in the early- to mid-1990s.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Population Studies Center • October 27, 2000

Australian Social Trends: Family and Community-Families With No Employed Parent
This document charts recent trends in parental employment and unemployment statistics, and looks at how parental work affects family income and well-being.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Bureau of Statistics • June 15, 2004

Motherhood Today- A Tougher Job, Less Ably Done: As American Women See It
This public opinion poll charts women's views on the nature, challenges and benefits of motherhood.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Pew Research Centre for the People & the Press • May 09, 1997

Work-Related Child Care in Context: A Study of Work-Related Child Care in Canada
This paper seeks to understand what types of contributions employers make to child care for their employees and how this affects the accessibility of child care for working mothers.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Childcare Resource and Research Unit • 1993

A Profile of Women's Health Indicators in Canada
This paper offers an analysis of the financial, social-psychological, lifestyle, and environmental determinants of women's health.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• GPI Atlantic • July 01, 2003

Changes in Children's Time with Parents, U.S. 1981-1997
This paper examines the effect of increasing maternal employment, changing family structure, and parental education on the amount of time children spend with their parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Population Studies Center • May 02, 2001

The Impact of Employment and Hours of Work and Health Status and Health Service Use
This paper examines the relationship between employment status, the number of hours worked per week, and people's health and use of health services.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling • March 01, 1996

What Happens When the School Year is Over? The Use and Costs of Child Care for School-Age Children During the Summer Months
This paper examines the child care arrangments made by parents of six- to twelve-year-olds during the summer months, and the amount spent on child care during this period.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • June 01, 2002

Child Care Subsidies Promote Mothers’ Employment and Children's Development
This paper provides an overview of research on the relationship between accessible child care, mother's employment, and children's development, and offers suggestions for improving child care subsidies.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Institute for Women's Policy Research • October 01, 2003

State Child Care Profile for Children With Employed Mothers: Washington
This paper provides an extensive account of child care practices in Washington, including information on the types and number of child care programs utilized by parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • February 01, 2001

State Child Care Profile for Children With Employed Mothers: California
This paper provides an extensive account of child care practices in California, including information on the types and number of child care programs utilized by parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • February 01, 2001

Teenage Pregnancies, 1974 to 1994
Building on research from past studies, this article discusses the fluctuation in the pregnancy and abortion rates of teenagers in Canada since 1974.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • March 01, 1997

Part-Time Work and Family-Friendly Practices in Canadian Workplaces
This paper examines the distribution and prevalence of part-time and flexible working arrangements in Canada, and investigates the effect of these types of arrangements on people's career opportunities and productivity,
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada, Human Resources Development Canada • 2003

Measuring Labour Markets-2003 Edition
This study provides an evaluation of the performance of labour markets across Canada and the United States during the past five years.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Fraser Institute • August 01, 2003

Family Background, Family Income, Maternal Work and Child Development
Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), this paper discusses family environment and child outcomes, and specifically the role maternal employment and the source of family income has on outcomes for children.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources Development Canada • October 01, 1998

Teenage Pregnancy
This article looks at the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and abortion in Canada and finds that, while adolescent pregnancy rates have decreased, abortions have proportionately increased to over fifty percent.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • October 01, 2000

The Minimum Wage Increase: A Working Woman's Issue
This paper argues that the main beneficiaries of an increase in the minimum wage would be women, since they are more likely than men to work in low-wage jobs.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Economic Policy Institute • September 16, 1999

State Child Care Profile for Children With Employed Mothers: Massachusetts
This paper provides an extensive account of child care practices in Massachusetts, including information on the types and number of child care programs utilized by parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • February 01, 2001

Welfare Reform’s Impact on Adolescents: Early Warning Signs
This article discusses the negative impact of welfare reform on adolescents whose mothers left welfare and returned to the workforce.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Child Trends • July 01, 2001

Australian Family Briefing: Work and Family Values, Preferences and Practice
This study looked at the actual and preferred working hours of parents in the workforce and at the work and family preferences of those not working.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Institute of Family Studies • 1997

Changes in the Labour Force Status of Lone and Couple Australian Mothers, 1983-2002
This paper studies trends in labour force participation rates of Australian mothers, and looks at the determinants of their employment, such as educational attainment, age, and number of children.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Australian Institute of Family Studies • June 01, 2003

Family Relationships as Sources of Stress and Support: Making the Connection Between Work and Family Experiences
This chapter, from an online book, looks at how parental experiences in occupational life shape family life and children’s outcomes.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• CMHS/ Mental Health Statistics Improvement Program • June 01, 2003

The Health of Lone Mothers
This paper examines the health of lone mothers over time and compares it to the health of mothers in dual parent homes.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • October 01, 1999

Self-Employment for Women: Policy Options that Promote Equality and Economic Opportunity
This paper discusses the particular vulnerabilities experienced by self-employed women and suggests policies that would promote economic equality and opportunities for them.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Status of Women Canada • November 01, 2003

Income Inequality in Australia from 1982 to 1993: An Assessment of the Impact of Family, Demographic and Labour Force Change
This study demonstrates that changing family structures contributed to an increase in income disparity in Australia, while increased participation of females in the labour force helped to reduce it.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling • November 01, 1994

Gaining Ground: Women, Welfare Reform, and Work
This report demonstrates that Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), a program of welfare reform, was successful in getting many single mothers off welfare and into the workforce.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• National Center for Policy Alternatives • February 01, 2002

State Child Care Profile for Children With Employed Mothers: Alabama
This paper provides an extensive account of child care practices in Alabama including information on the types and number of child care programs utilized by parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • February 01, 2001

The Effects of Early Maternal Employment on Children’s Cognitive Outcomes: The Canadian Experience
This paper demonstrates that maternal employment has a significant negative effect on children's early verbal skills, but not on their math skills.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statistics Canada • April 01, 2004

Tax Fairness for One-Earner and Two-Earner Families: An Examination of the Issues
The authors demonstrate that the current Canadian income tax system does not discriminate against stay-at-home parents in favor of parents who enter the work force
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Canadian Policy Research Network • December 01, 1999

State Child Care Profile for Children With Employed Mothers: Mississippi
This paper provides an extensive account of child care practices in Mississippi, including information on the types and number of child care programs utilized by parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • February 01, 2001

State Child Care Profile for Children With Employed Mothers: Minnesota
This paper provides an extensive account of child care practices in Minnesota, including information on the types and number of child care programs utilized by parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • February 01, 2001

Parent Work and Child Well-Being in Low-Income Families
This paper studies the relationship between child well-being and levels of parental employment, with results categorized by child age.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • June 01, 2002

State Child Care Profile for Children With Employed Mothers: Texas
This paper provides an extensive account of child care practices in Texas, including information on the types and number of child care programs utilized by parents.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Urban Institute • February 01, 2001

The Unfinished Business of Welfare Reform: Improving Prospects for Poor Children and Youth
This study examines the effect of the 1996 welfare reform legislation on the children of former welfare recipients.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Child Trends • April 01, 2002

A Study of Family, Child Care and Well-Being in Young Canadian Families
Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), this study examined the effects child care has on child development, and what factors predict a family’s use of child care.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources Development Canada • March 01, 2001

The Effect of Maternal Employment on Teenage Childbearing
This study found that maternal employment was associated with an increased risk of teenage childbearing in both affluent and low-income families.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • August 01, 2003

Policy Research Issues for Canadian Youth: Transition Experiences of Young Women
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the transitional experiences of young women.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Human Resources Development Canada • April 01, 2002

Family Characteristics and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Black Men in the United States
This study demonstrates that family structure, particularly maternal employment and parental marital status, affects the sexual behaviours of black adolescent and adult males.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Alan Guttmacher Institute • October 01, 2002

The Continuing Problems with Part-Time Jobs
This paper examines the disadvantages faced by part-time workers with respect to wages, benefits, and career opportunities.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Economic Policy Institute • April 24, 2001

Families and Work in the Twenty-First Century
This report draws together the findings of a number of studies into work-family balance, with particular attention paid to such themes as the effect of work on family life, employers' perspectives on their role in work-family relations, and the relationship between work, family, and community resources.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• The Joseph Rowntree Foundation • 2003

Wives, Mothers and Wages: Does Timing Matter?
This study looked at the impact of marriage and motherhood on women's wages.
• Category: Family Economics > Maternal Employment
• Statstics Canada • May 01, 2002