This study explores the relationship between educational attainment and desired family size. It finds that more educated men and women are more likely than their less educated counterparts to desire three or more children. At the same time, however, rates of fertility among the highly educated are generally lower than the general population. The authors conclude that the gap between desired and actual fertility is highest among the highly educated and argue that their fertility may increase if interventions are developed to remove obstacles to having a larger family.