This study examines the personal and long-term socioeconomic characteristics of mothers ages 30 to 39, comparing women who gave birth as teens to women who gave birth as adults. Teenage child bearing is related to negative, long-term socioeconomic effects. The study found that women of similar education shared similar levels of labour force participation and incidences of low-income regardless of when they bore children. The author suggests that education level maybe a more relative marker of long-term socioeconomic status than timing of childbirth.